Prevention of influenza and ARVI in schools presentation. Presentation on biology "prevention of acute respiratory infections and influenza"

Presentation "Beware of the flu!" for primary school students, which tells in an accessible form about influenza infection, signs of influenza, and preventive measures. Can be used in class or placed in a health corner.

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"Presentation "Beware of the flu!"

“CAUTION, FLU!”

primary school teacher

Flu is a viral disease. It is easily and quickly transmitted from a sick person to a healthy one.

Pathogen

influenza is a virus.

Influenza is so contagious that simultaneously millions of people could get sick. When an infection takes over cities and regions, it is already epidemic

People of any age can get the flu, but people with poor health who are prone to colds get sick first.

Children are especially susceptible to the flu and have a hard time with it.

MALAISE

ACHES IN THE WHOLE BODY

CHILLS, INCREASED TEMPERATURE

HEADACHE

SIGNS OF FLU

At the first sign of the flu

the patient needs it immediately

go to bed and call a doctor.

When the patient coughs and sneezes

must cover his mouth and nose with a handkerchief, and

surrounding people - wear gauze bandages.

Do not stop treatment when

I felt a little better.

Drink plenty of fluids.

TO NOT GET SICK...

• walks in the open air ventilation of the room
• walks in the open air
• ventilation of the room

keep a daily routine

observe the rules of personal hygiene

• wash your hands with soap

• brush your teeth, rinse your mouth and throat

avoid body hypothermia

• dress for the weather

strengthen your body

• hardening

• sports

• consume more vitamins, vegetables and fruits

eat right

REMEMBER!!!

A seasoned child who loves sports and physical education is less likely to get the flu.

BE HEALTHY!!!

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The presentation on the topic “Flu prevention and treatment” can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Project subject: Biology. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 8 slide(s).

Presentation slides

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The latter applies to a greater extent to certain groups of people: children (especially young children); elderly people (over 60 years old); patients with chronic severe diseases of the heart (heart defects, coronary heart disease, severe arterial hypertension) and lungs (bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema). Therefore, it is these categories of people who should primarily use influenza preventive measures and be especially closely monitored by doctors in case of influenza.

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Symptoms of influenza: the main symptom is high temperature (up to 41.5 degrees), which lasts for several days (up to 5); against the background of temperature, there is a headache (mainly in the front part - forehead, eyes, temples), aches throughout the body, primarily in the legs; a little later a dry cough appears (a sign of tracheitis). A runny nose and sore throat are not typical. Also, with the flu there is no diarrhea; if it does appear, it is either another infection (for example, enterovirus) or a side effect of medications. Nausea or vomiting may occur, especially in young children, and is associated with intoxication.

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The best way to fight the flu is to prevent it. It includes: flu vaccinations (every year flu vaccines are produced taking into account the expected strain of the virus) - a very high level of reliability of prevention; Isolation of sick people from those who are not sick, the use of personal protective equipment (gauze masks on the face) are effective, but ideally (in fact, it is difficult to strictly adhere to this regime). The use of preventive medications does not provide a reliable guarantee against the disease.

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Treatment of influenza includes antiviral drugs (mentioned above), symptomatic treatment (painkillers, antipyretics), drinking plenty of fluids (since at elevated temperatures a lot of fluid is lost during breathing and sweating) and regimen. Bed rest is very important to observe during the entire period of elevated temperature, since failure to comply with this condition is often fraught with complications.

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Comments on the presentation “Prevention of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza”

What are colds? Under the term “cold” - as they are often called in everyday life, in medicine there is the concept of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections.

The term "acute respiratory disease" (ARI) or "acute respiratory viral infection" (ARVI) covers a large number of diseases that manifest themselves with similar symptoms: fever, sore throat, cough and headache. And another similarity is that all these diseases are caused by viruses.

Flu caused directly by the influenza virus. Influenza is an extremely contagious infectious disease, dangerous for its complications: damage to the cardiovascular system, central nervous system and respiratory organs.

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The source of infection for all viral infections is a sick person.

We become infected by inhaling air with tiny droplets of saliva and sputum secreted by patients when coughing and sneezing - airborne transmission.

And also when in contact with patients by shaking hands, exchanging personal hygiene items (handkerchief, towel) and other household items (dishes, telephone, pencils, toys, etc.) - contact-household transmission route.

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With all colds, several days (1-14 days) pass from infection, that is, from the penetration of the virus into the body, to the development of the disease - this period is called the incubation period. At this time, the virus circulates in the blood and poisons the body with its waste products, which is manifested by characteristic symptoms: high fever, weakness, cough, headache, runny nose or nasal congestion.

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Now let's talk about what symptoms distinguish the flu from other colds. Often the word “flu” in everyday life is used to refer to any acute respiratory disease, which is erroneous, since in addition to influenza, more than 200 types of other respiratory viruses (adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, etc.) have been described to date, causing influenza-like diseases in humans .

Influenza has a sudden onset: body temperature rises to 39? C and higher, weakness occurs, the person gets chills, suffers from headaches and muscle pain.

For influenza, unlike other viral infections, symptoms such as cough and runny nose do not appear immediately, but several days after the onset of the disease.

ARVI can begin either acutely or gradually; body temperature rarely rises above 38? C. Symptoms such as sneezing, dry cough, sore throat, hoarseness appear immediately at the onset of the disease.

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Today it has already been proven that the main method of specific prevention of influenza is vaccination, or as we call it, inoculation, which stimulates the body to produce protective antibodies that prevent the multiplication of viruses. Thanks to this, the disease is prevented even before it begins. Vaccination is best done in the fall (September-November), since influenza diseases usually begin to be recorded between November and March.

After vaccination, immunity develops within two weeks, so vaccination begins in advance.

You must be healthy at the time of vaccination. After the preventive vaccination, for several days you should protect yourself from both hypothermia and overheating and limit visits to public places.

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Everyone should prepare their body not only for a “meeting” with the influenza virus, but also other viruses that cause colds. During the period from December to March, it is necessary to pay attention to nonspecific prevention.

To reduce diseases, compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards is very important:

• comfortable room temperature;
• regular ventilation;
• daily wet cleaning of premises using detergents.
• Hypothermia reduces immunity, so you need to dress for the weather.

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Personal preventive measures are of no small importance:

• Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing and coughing with a handkerchief (napkin), preferably using disposable ones, which should be thrown into the trash after use.
• Avoid touching your mouth, nose, eyes.
• keep a “distance” when communicating; the distance between people when talking should be at least 1 meter (arm’s length distance).

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Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, namely hand washing, is very important for prevention. Wash your hands thoroughly and often with soap or disinfectant. It would seem that such an everyday activity as washing your hands is extremely simple, but there are some rules.

How to wash your hands correctly? Proper hand-washing technique includes using plenty of soap and rinsing under running water:

1. it is necessary to wet your hands under running water;
2. lather soap on your palms and lather well;
3. You need to treat your hands with soap foam for at least 10 seconds, because... the effectiveness of detergents depends on their exposure time;
4. you need to rub all your fingers, palms and the surface of your hands well, clean your nails; at this moment there is no need to hold your hands under the running water;
5. Rinse the soap off your hands under running water for at least 10 seconds;
6. When washing your hands, you should avoid splashing water;
7. Hands need to be dried - disposable paper towels are best for this.
8. The tap must be closed with a paper towel, because It is always touched with dirty hands before washing, therefore, there may be germs on the tap.
9. The used paper towel should be thrown into the trash bin without touching the bin with your hands.

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During epidemics of influenza and colds, it is necessary to:

• avoid close contact with sick people;
• limit attendance at cultural events, reduce time spent in crowded places.

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Prevention of ARVI and influenza consists of general improvement and strengthening of the body's defenses; for this it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle:

• sufficient sleep, it is useful to sleep with the window open, but avoid drafts;
• proper nutrition - daily use of fresh vegetables and fruits in the diet will increase overall immunity to viral diseases. In addition, it is necessary to take ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which helps increase the body's resistance. It should be noted that the largest amount of vitamin C is contained in the juice of sauerkraut, as well as citrus fruits: lemons, kiwi, tangerines, oranges, grapefruits.
• For prevention during flu and cold epidemics, it is necessary to consume garlic and onions daily. It is enough to chew a clove of garlic for a few minutes to completely cleanse the oral cavity of bacteria;
• walk more in the fresh air, play sports.

At the first signs of a cold, it is necessary to carry out emergency prevention with interferon, influenza, rimantadine, arbidol.

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Proper use of a medical mask will help protect yourself from contracting viral infections.

A disposable mask can be purchased at pharmacies; a cotton-gauze mask can be easily made with your own hands. Unlike a disposable mask, which can be worn for no more than 2 hours, a cotton-gauze bandage can be worn for up to 4 hours, washed and reused.

Rules for using a mask. The World Health Organization makes the following recommendations regarding the use of masks:

• the mask must be carefully secured, tightly covering the mouth and nose, leaving no gaps;
• try not to touch the attached mask. After removing the mask, wash your hands thoroughly with soap or alcohol;
• a wet or damp mask should be replaced with a new, dry one;
• do not reuse a disposable mask;
• Used disposable masks should be discarded immediately.

Features of using the mask. It is important that a sick person wears a mask, as well as a healthy person when communicating with (caring for) a sick person.

Slide 12

I got sick. What to do?

• Minimize contact with other people, do not attend mass events, strive to use public transport as little as possible, and avoid close contact with healthy people.
• Maintain bed rest - popular wisdom says: “the flu likes to be kept in bed” and medicine agrees with this. To avoid complications, you need to not only stay at home during all days of illness, but also be sure to stay in bed.
• Maintain good personal hygiene and use a mask.
• Drink plenty of liquids - mineral water, fruit drinks, etc.

Slide 13

If there is a sick person in the house:

• place the patient in a separate room or fence him off with a screen;
• allocate separate care items, dishes, bed linen for the patient;
• the room where the patient is located must be ventilated several times a day and be warm (comfort temperature - 20-21°C); daily wet cleaning is carried out using disinfectants;
• When caring for a patient, use a mask and wash your hands frequently.

Thank you for your attention! Be healthy!

At the end of the lesson, you can conduct a survey of students and ask them the question: “What should you do to avoid getting sick?” (To summarize: lead a healthy lifestyle, get vaccinated, wash your hands thoroughly, use a mask, etc.)

Vaccination of children and adults against influenza is the key to health!

Department of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare for the Amur Region

Acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) a group of numerous independent diseases characterized by acute damage to the respiratory tract and manifested by similar symptoms (fever, cough, redness of the throat, runny nose, sneezing, etc.) Flu an acute viral infectious disease characterized by acute onset, fever, general intoxication and damage to the respiratory tract. It is dangerous due to its complications from the cardiovascular system, respiratory and nervous systems.

The main routes of transmission of ARVI and influenza:

• Airborne(by inhaling air with tiny droplets of saliva and sputum secreted by patients when coughing and sneezing).
• Contact and household(when shaking hands, exchanging personal hygiene items - handkerchief, towel and other household items - dishes, telephone, pencils, toys, etc.)

The source of infection is a sick person with both severe and mild forms of the disease.

It’s not the flu itself that’s scary, but the possible complications after the illness.

Pulmonary : pneumonia (bacterial and hemorrhagic), pleural empyema, lung abscess (can lead to pulmonary failure)

Cardiovascular : myocarditis, pericarditis (can lead to heart failure)

From the nervous system : meningitis, meningoencephalitis, encephalitis, neuritis, neuralgia, polyradiculoneuritis

ENT organs : otitis, sinusitis, rhinitis, tracheitis Other organs and systems : glomerulonephritis, toxic-allergic shock and other complications

• In the Amur Region, the incidence of influenza among children is 3.8 times higher than the incidence among adults.

Among those sick with influenza, the proportion of children under 17 years of age was more than 50%.

It was established that of the children who fell ill with influenza, the proportion of those who were not vaccinated against influenza was almost 80%.

Children immunized against influenza suffered a mild form of the disease!

The main reason why children are unvaccinated is failures – almost 70%, with medical outlets in second place.

When examining sectional material from 5 patients who died from community-acquired pneumonia, a virus of subtype A(H1N1)pdm was isolated!

Prevention

One of the most important ways

effective prevention

spread of infections from

airborne transmission mechanisms are prevention:

• specific vaccination

First of all, this applies to groups of people at increased risk of influenza and ARVI and those most susceptible to these diseases.

There are now effective vaccines against influenza.

SPECIFIC PREVENTION (VACCINATION) OF FLU.

The main objective of influenza vaccination is to create a broad immune layer (population groups resistant to influenza disease) among the population.

Vaccination can prevent influenza in 80-90% of children and adults. If the disease does develop, then in vaccinated people it is much easier and with significantly fewer complications.

Specific prevention of influenza leads to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality that accompany influenza epidemics.

The purpose of immunization is

formation of specific immunity to an infectious disease through the artificial creation of an infectious process, which in most cases is asymptomatic or mild (in an unvaccinated person, the course of these diseases is severe, sometimes fatal).

VACCINATION AND IMMUNIZATION – These are processes that provide active or passive biological resistance of the body to certain infectious diseases.

Artificial active immunization– stimulation of the immune system by administering a vaccine or toxoid (neutralized bacterial toxin that retains its antigenic properties);

at artificial passive immunization, ready-made antibodies – immunoglobulins – are introduced into the body.

Natural active immunization organism occurs as a result of its infection,

A natural passive immunization– when transferring maternal antibodies to the fetus

through the placenta or into the newborn's body with colostrum.

Types of vaccines

Live vaccines - produced from living microorganisms with reduced virulence. Most of these vaccines promote the development of long-term, high-level immunity. Vaccines against influenza, measles, mumps, yellow fever, etc. are live.

Also, according to the composition of the vaccine, they are divided into:

Mono-vaccines (containing one antigen).

Inactivated (killed) vaccines - obtained by completely neutralizing bacteria and viruses while maintaining their immunogenic properties.

Combination vaccines or associated (having several antigens).

Polyvalent vaccines (consisting of different strains of the same type of microorganisms).

Vaccine safety

• All series of vaccines are tested directly at production and in the quality control department of the enterprise. In addition, they undergo control according to production protocols and random laboratory control at the National Control Authority - GISC named after. L.A. Tarasevich. This triple examination ensures the proper quality of the produced batches of vaccines.

• All vaccines have a certain degree of side effects, which is limited by the regulatory documentation for the drugs.

• In accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation “On the Circulation of Medicines”, approved on April 12, 2010, the production of medicines, which include immunobiological drugs, is carried out by drug manufacturing enterprises that have a license for their production.”

HISTORY OF VACCINE PREVENTION .

Infectious diseases have plagued man throughout history. There are many examples of the devastating consequences of smallpox, plague, cholera, typhoid, dysentery, measles, and influenza. The decline of the ancient world is associated not so much with wars as with the monstrous plague epidemics that destroyed most of the population. In the 14th century, the plague killed a third of Europe's population. Due to a smallpox epidemic 15 years after Cortez's invasion, less than 3 million people remained from the thirty-million-strong Inca Empire.

In 1918-1920, the influenza pandemic (the so-called “Spanish flu”) killed about 40 million people, and the number of cases exceeded 500 million. This is almost five times more than the losses during the First World War, where 8.5 million people were killed and 17 million were wounded.

HISTORY OF VACCINE PREVENTION .

The scientific approach to active immunization began in the 18th century with Edward Jenner, who began vaccinating people with cowpox to protect them from smallpox.

In 1777, he founded the world's first smallpox vaccination center in London.

HISTORY OF VACCINE PREVENTION .

100 years later, the first successful human vaccination against rabies was carried out by Louis Pasteur.

Later, Pasteur's followers developed methods of specific immunization to prevent infectious diseases. All this turned out to be possible thanks to the method of attenuation of pathogens proposed by Pasteur - reducing their virulence (ability to cause painful changes) on special media.

In 1887, the Institute of Vaccines and Serums was opened in Paris, which bears the name of the outstanding scientist Louis Pasteur.

HISTORY OF VACCINE PREVENTION .

The second country to open a Pasteur station was Russia.

When it became known that vaccination

Pasteur's method saves in some

cases of rabies, one of the enthusiasts contributed to

Odessa Society of Microbiologists one thousand rubles so that a doctor can be sent to Paris to study Pasteur’s experience.

The choice fell on the young doctor N.F. Gamaleya, who later, on June 13, 1886, gave the first vaccinations to twelve people who were bitten in Odessa.

The first flu vaccination was carried out in 1936.

History of the formation of the legislative framework

• In Russia, vaccination was introduced in 1801 during the reign of

Emperor Paul I.

• In the USSR, compulsory vaccination of the population began with the decree “On Smallpox Vaccination” in 1919.

• Considering the social significance of the fight against

infectious diseases, in the Russian

the federal law No. 157-FZ “On immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases”, which established the legal norms of state policy in the field of immunoprevention of infectious diseases, carried out in order to protect health and ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population.

• availability of preventive vaccinations;
• free vaccinations included in the National Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations and preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications in organizations of the state and municipal healthcare systems;
• use of effective drugs for immunoprophylaxis;
• implementation of state quality control of the effectiveness and safety of these drugs;
• ensuring the modern level of their production;
• social protection of citizens in the event of post-vaccination complications;
• changes in the National Preventive Vaccination Calendar.

• In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, parents are responsible for the health of their children!
• According to the Federal Law "On Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases" and Federal Law No. 52 "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" in force in Russia since 1998-1999 protecting yourself and your children from infectious diseases - not only a right, but also a duty of every person. The national calendar of preventive vaccinations is a regulatory legal act that establishes the timing and procedure for vaccinations.
• Of course, a person will not be condemned for an unreasonable refusal to vaccinate himself or his child. Lack of vaccination can only serve as a ban for citizens to travel to countries, stay in which, in accordance with international health regulations or international treaties of the Russian Federation, requires specific preventive vaccinations, may serve as a temporary refusal of admission to educational and health institutions in the event of mass infectious diseases or the threat of epidemics, as well as may result in refusal to apply for a job or removal from work , the implementation of which is associated with a high risk of infectious diseases.

Currently, neither among medical workers, nor among patients and their relatives there is any doubt about the advisability of vaccination.

Therefore, mass vaccination coverage of the population, especially among children, has increased, which has led to a decrease in the incidence of whooping cough, diphtheria, mumps, viral hepatitis B, up to the practical elimination of polio, measles, etc.

At the same time, millions of children around the world die every year from infectious diseases.

Therefore, the pace and quality of prevention and promotion of public health cannot be reduced.

Vaccine prevention remains the most reliable and effective way to prevent infectious diseases.

• Vaccination stimulates the body to produce protective antibodies that prevent viruses from multiplying. Thanks to this, the disease is prevented even before it begins.
• Vaccination is best done in the fall (September-November).
• After vaccination, immunity develops within two weeks, so vaccination begins in advance.
• You must be healthy at the time of vaccination. After the preventive vaccination, for several days you should protect yourself from both hypothermia and overheating and limit visits to public places.

In most countries, in order to create a broad immunological layer (influenza-resistant individuals), influenza immunization is carried out among risk groups for influenza incidence.

To this group includes preschool children and schoolchildren , students, teachers, transport and social workers, medical personnel and staff of boarding homes for the elderly and lonely, pregnant women.

The risk group also includes patients with various chronic diseases, primarily of the bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular systems, diabetes mellitus, and obesity.

The immunity you developed from the flu last year will not protect you from the flu this year. Therefore, you should get a flu shot every year.

In Russia, the groups of people subject to mandatory vaccination are defined in the vaccination calendar.

There are two types of flu vaccines:

1. Inactivated (killed) influenza vaccines, vaccination is carried out by injection (prick) with a needle.

2. Live attenuated influenza vaccines, immunization is carried out by spraying into the nose .

Vaccination is the key to a healthy future for you and your child!

Remember, vaccinations save

Your health and life! Today, every person has a unique opportunity to protect themselves from influenza and its complications with a simple and accessible manipulation - vaccination. Don't miss the chance to be healthy!