HIV: why the number of cases is rapidly growing in Russia. AIDS in Russia: statistics

Official statistics of HIV and AIDS in Russia

At the beginning of 2017 the total number of cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens has reached 1,114,815 people(there are 36.7 million HIV-infected people in the world). Of them died for different reasons 243,863 HIV-infected according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on activities for the prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identification and treatment of HIV patients.” In December 2016, 870,952 Russians were living with a diagnosis of HIV infection. As of July 1, 2017 the number of HIV-infected people in Russia was 1 167 581 people, of which 259,156 people died for various reasons ( in the 1st half of 2017 has already died 14 631 HIV-infected people, that 13.6% more than in 6 months of 2016). Population attack rate Russian Federation HIV infection in 2017 amounted to 795,3 infected with HIV per 100 thousand population of Russia.

In 2016. It revealed 103 438 new cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens (excluding those identified anonymously and foreign citizens), which is 5.3% more than in 2015. Since 2005, the country has registered an increase in the number of new identified cases of HIV infection, in 2011-2016 the annual increase averaged 10%. HIV incidence rate in 2016 made up 70.6 per 100 thousand population.

In terms of the growth rate of HIV infection, Russia has taken third place after the Republic of South Africa and Nigeria.

For the 1st half of 2017 detected in Russia 52 766 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation. HIV incidence rate in 1st half of 2017 made up 35,9 cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand population. The most new cases in 2017 were detected in the Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Increasing rate of growth of new cases HIV infection in 2017(but the overall incidence of HIV infection is low) is observed in the Vologda region, Tyva, Mordovia, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Yaroslavl, Sakhalin and Kirov regions.

Growth in the total (cumulative) number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens from 1987 to 2016.

HIV in regions and cities

In 2016, according to the incidence rate in the Russian Federation The following regions and cities were in the lead:

  1. Kemerovo region (228.8 new cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand population registered - total 6,217 HIV-infected), incl. in the city Kemerovo 1,876 HIV-infected.
  2. Irkutsk region (163.6%000 - 3,951 HIV-infected). In 2017, 1,784 new HIV-infected people were identified in the Irkutsk region over 5 months. In 2016 in the city Irkutsk registered 2 450 new people infected with HIV, in 2017 - 1,107. Almost 2% of the population of the Irkutsk region are infected with HIV.
  3. Samara region (161.5%000 - 5,189 HIV-infected, incl. in the city of Samara there are 1,201 HIV-infected people), for 7 months of 2017 - 1,184 people. (59.8%000).
  4. Sverdlovsk region (156.9%000 - 6,790 HIV-infected), incl. in the city of Yekaterinburg there are 5,874 HIV-infected people (the most HIV-infected city in Russia / or are they well identified? ed./).
  5. Chelyabinsk region (154.0%000 - 5,394 HIV-infected),
  6. Tyumen region (150.5%000 - 2,224 people — 1.1% of the population), in the first half of 2017, 1,019 new cases of HIV infection were identified in the Tyumen region (an increase of 14.4% compared to the same period last year, then 891 HIV-infected people were registered), incl. 3 teenagers. The Tyumen region is one of the regions where HIV infection is recognized as an epidemic.
  7. Tomsk region (138.0%000 - 1,489 people.),
  8. Novosibirsk region (137.1%000) regions (3,786 people.), incl. in the city Novosibirsk 3 213 HIV-infected people.
  9. Krasnoyarsk Territory (129.5%000 - 3,716 people.)
  10. Perm region (125.1%000 - 3,294 people.)
  11. Altai Territory(114.1%000 - 2,721 people.)
  12. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (124.7%000 - 2,010 people)
  13. Orenburg region (117.6%000 - 2,340 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 650 people. (32.7%000).
  14. Omsk region (110.3%000 - 2,176 people.), for 7 months of 2017, 1184 cases were identified, the incidence rate was 59.8% 000.
  15. Kurgan region (110.1%000 - 958 people.)
  16. Ulyanovsk region (97.2%000 - 1,218 people.), per 1 sq. 2017 - 325 people. (25.9%000).
  17. Tver region (74.0%000 - 973 people.)
  18. Nizhny Novgorod region (71.1%000 - 2,309 people.) region, in 1 sq. 2017 - 613 people. (18.9%000).
  19. Republic of Crimea (83.0%000 - 1,943 people),
  20. Khakassia (82.7%000 - 445 people),
  21. Udmurtia (75.1%000 - 1,139 people.),
  22. Bashkortostan (68.3%000 - 2,778 people.), per 1 sq. 2017 - 688 people. (16.9%000).
  23. Moscow (62.2%000 - 7 672 people)

Note: %000 is the number of HIV-infected people per 100 thousand population.

Leading cities in terms of the number of identified HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Samara.

The subjects of the Russian Federation most affected by HIV infection.

The most significant increase (speed, growth rate of the emergence of new HIV cases per unit of time) incidence in 2016 was observed in Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk regions, Sevastopol, Chuvash, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Samara Region and Jewish Autonomous Okrug.

Number of newly identified cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens in 1987-2016

Affection HIV infection in the Russian population as of December 31, 2016 was 594.3 per 100 thousand people. Cases of HIV infection have been registered in all regions of the Russian Federation. In 2017, the incidence rate was 795.3 per 100 thousand.

A high incidence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the entire population) was registered in the 30 largest and predominantly economically successful regions, where 45.3% of the country’s population lived.

Dynamics of HIV prevalence and incidence rates in the population of the Russian Federation in 1987-2016.

To the most affected subjects of the Russian Federation relate:

  1. Sverdlovsk region (1647.9% of 000 people living with HIV per 100 thousand population are registered - 71354 people. In 2017, there were already about 86 thousand people infected with HIV), including in the city of Yekaterinburg More than 27,131 HIV-infected people have been registered, i.e. every 50th city resident is infected with HIV- this is a real epidemic. Serov (1454.2% 000 - 1556 people). 1.5 percent of the population of the city of Serov is infected with HIV.
  2. Irkutsk region (1636.0%000 - 39473 people). Total number of HIV-infected people identified at the beginning 2017— 49,494 people, at the beginning of June (almost six months) 2017 51,278 people diagnosed with HIV infection are registered. IN city ​​of Irkutsk Over the entire period, more than 31,818 people were identified.
  3. Kemerovo region (1582.5% 000 - 43000 people), including in the city of Kemerovo More than 10,125 patients with HIV infection are registered.
  4. Samara region (1476.9% 000 - 47350 people),
  5. Orenburg region (1217.0% 000 - 24276 people) regions,
  6. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (1201.7% 000 - 19550 people),
  7. Leningrad region (1147.3% 000 - 20410 people),
  8. Tyumen region (1085.4% 000 - 19768 people), as of July 1, 2017 - 20787 people.
  9. Chelyabinsk region (1079.6% 000 - 37794 people),
  10. Novosibirsk region (1021.9% 000 - 28227 people) regions. As of May 19, 2017 in the city of Novosibirsk More than 34 thousand HIV-infected people are registered - every 47 residents of Novosibirsk have HIV (!).
  11. Perm region (950.1% 000 - 25030 people),
  12. St. Petersburg (978.6% 000 - 51140 people),
  13. Ulyanovsk region (932.5% 000 - 11,728 people),
  14. Republic of Crimea (891.4%000 - 17000 people),
  15. Altai Territory (852.8% 000 - 20268 people),
  16. Krasnoyarsk Territory (836.4% 000 - 23970 people),
  17. Kurgan region (744.8% 000 - 6419 people),
  18. Tver region (737.5% 000 - 9622 people),
  19. Tomsk region (727.4% 000 - 7832 people),
  20. Ivanovo region (722.5% 000 - 7440 people),
  21. Omsk region (644.0% 000 - 12,741 people), as of August 1, 2017, 16,099 cases of HIV infection were registered, the incidence rate is 813.7% 000.
  22. Murmansk region (638.2% 000 - 4864 people),
  23. Moscow region (629.3% 000 - 46056 people),
  24. Kaliningrad region (608.4% 000 - 5941 people).
  25. Moscow (413.0%000 - 50909 people)

Age structure

Highest level of infection HIV infection of the population is observed in the group 30-39 years old, 2.8% of Russian men aged 35-39 years lived with an established diagnosis of HIV infection. Women become infected with HIV at a younger age; already in the age group of 25-29 years, about 1% were infected with HIV; the proportion of infected women in the age group of 30-34 years is even higher - 1.6%.

Over the past 15 years, the age structure among newly diagnosed patients has radically changed. In 2000, 87% of patients received a diagnosis of HIV infection before age 30. Adolescents and young people aged 15-20 years accounted for 24.7% of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection in 2000; as a result of the annual decrease in 2016, this group amounted to only 1.2%.

Age and gender of HIV-infected people.

HIV infection was predominantly detected in Russians aged 30-40 years (46.9%) and 40-50 years (19.9%), the share of young people aged 20-30 decreased to 23.2%. An increase in the proportion of newly identified cases was also observed in older age groups, and cases of sexually transmitted HIV infection in old age have become more frequent.

It should be noted that when low level of testing coverage among adolescents and young people, more than 1,100 cases of HIV infection are registered annually among people aged 15-20 years. According to preliminary data largest number of HIV-infected adolescents (15-17 years old) was registered in 2016 in Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Samara regions, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk territories and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main cause of HIV infection among adolescents is unprotected sexual contact with an HIV-infected partner (77% of cases among girls, 61% among boys).

Structure of the dead

In 2016, 30,550 (3.4%) patients with HIV infection died in the Russian Federation (10.8% more than in 2015) according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identification and treatment of HIV patients.” The highest annual mortality rate was recorded in the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Republic of Mordovia, the Kemerovo Region, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Ulyanovsk Region, the Republic of Adygea, the Tambov Region, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the Chuvash Republic, the Samara Region, the Primorsky Territory, the Tula Region, the Krasnodar, Perm Territories, Kurgan region.

Treatment coverage

Registered at the dispensary in specialized medical organizations in 2016 there were 675,403 patients, infected with HIV, which amounted to 77.5% of the number of 870,952 Russians living with a diagnosis of HIV infection in December 2016, according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form.

In 2016, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy in Russia, including patients who were in prison. In the 1st half of 2017 received antiretroviral therapy 298,888 patients, approximately 100,000 new patients were added to therapy in 2017 (there probably won’t be enough drugs for everyone, since the purchases were based on 2016 figures). Treatment coverage in 2016 in the Russian Federation was 32.8% of the number of registered persons diagnosed with HIV infection; among those undergoing dispensary observation, 42.3% of patients were covered by antiretroviral therapy. The achieved treatment coverage does not serve as a preventive measure and does not allow to radically reduce the rate of spread of the disease. The number of patients with active tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection is growing; the largest number of such patients is registered in the regions of the Urals and Siberia.

HIV testing coverage

In 2016 in Russia there was tested for HIV 30,752,828 blood samples of Russian citizens and 2,102,769 blood samples of foreign citizens. The total number of tested serum samples from Russian citizens increased by 8.5% compared to 2015, and among foreign citizens decreased by 12.9%.

In 2016, the maximum number of positive immunoblot results in Russians was detected in the entire history of observation - 125,416 (in 2014 - 121,200 positive results). The number of positive results in the immunoblot includes those identified anonymously, not included in the statistical data, and children with an undifferentiated diagnosis of HIV infection, and therefore differs significantly from the number of new registered cases of HIV infection.

For the first time, 103,438 patients tested positive for HIV. Representatives of vulnerable groups of the population in 2016 made up a small part of those screened for HIV in Russia - 4.7%, but 23% of all new cases of HIV infection were identified among these groups. When testing even a small number of representatives of these groups, it is possible to identify many patients: in 2016, among the examined drug users, 4.3% were diagnosed as HIV-positive for the first time, among MSM - 13.2%, among contact persons during an epidemiological investigation - 6.4%, prisoners - 2.9%, patients with STIs - 0.7%.

Transmission Path Structure

In 2016, the role of sexual transmission of HIV infection increased significantly. According to preliminary data, among HIV-positive people newly identified in 2016 with established risk factors for infection, 48.8% became infected through drug use with non-sterile equipment, 48.7% through heterosexual contact, 1.5% through homosexual contact, -0. 45% were children infected from mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. The number of children infected through breastfeeding is growing: 59 such children were registered in 2016, 47 in 2015, and 41 in 2014. In 2016, 16 cases of suspected infection were registered in medical organizations due to the use of non-sterile medical instruments and 3 cases of transfusion of blood components from donors to recipients. Another 4 new cases of HIV infection in children were likely associated with the provision of medical care in the CIS countries.

Distribution of HIV-infected people by mode of infection.

conclusions

  1. In the Russian Federation in 2016, the HIV epidemic situation continued to worsen and the trend continues in 2017, which may even affect the resumption of the global HIV epidemic, which, according to the UN report in July 2016, has declined.
  2. The incidence of HIV infection remained high, the total number and number of deaths of HIV-infected people increased, and the spread of the epidemic from vulnerable groups to the general population intensified.
  3. If the current rate of spread of HIV infection continues and there are no adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread, the prognosis for the development of the situation remains unfavorable.
  4. It is necessary to intensify organizational and preventive measures to counter the HIV epidemic in the country.

Every year, about two million people become infected with HIV worldwide. HIV statistics in the world: by country and region WHO.

In 2016, there were approximately 36.7 million people living with HIV worldwide, and 1.8 million acquired HIV infection in 2016.

Number of adults and children living with HIV

The most alarming situation is in the countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. in TheWorldOnly material.

New HIV infections by region of the world for all ages, (1990–2016)

Source: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/20170720_Data_book_2017_en.pdf

The scope of HIV

Goals

In June 2016, the UN General Assembly agreed that ending the fight against AIDS by 2030 requires a rapid response to achieve three main stages by 2020:

  • reducing the number of new cases of HIV infection to less than 500 thousand people by 2020;
  • reducing AIDS-related deaths to less than 500 thousand people worldwide by 2020;
  • eliminate HIV-related stigma and discrimination by 2020.

Success

Tremendous progress in the fight against AIDS over the past 15 years has inspired a global commitment to ending the epidemic by 2030. Significant increases in antiretroviral therapy have led to AIDS targets being met worldwide. Intensive efforts to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV have led to a sharp decline in the annual number of new HIV infections among children, from 290,000 in 2010 to 150,000 in 2015.

Problems

However, problems with HIV prevention still remain. The decline in new HIV infections among adults has slowed, threatening further progress in ending the AIDS epidemic. Since 2010, the annual number of new HIV infections among adults (15+) has remained constant at around 1.9 million.


Efforts to achieve fewer than 500,000 new HIV infections by 2020 are lagging behind. Data from 146 countries shows that some have reduced new HIV infections among adults by 50% or more over the past 10 years, while many others have made little progress, says UNAIDS report (pdf) .

Change in the growth rate of new HIV infections among adults (15 years and older) from 2005 to 2015

Source: Prevention gap report, UNAIDS, 2016

  • HIV infection is often diagnosed using rapid tests that detect the presence or absence of antibodies to HIV. In most cases, test results can be obtained the same day; this is important for making a diagnosis and providing early treatment;
  • There is no cure for HIV infection. However, with effective treatment with antiretroviral drugs, the virus can be controlled and transmission prevented, allowing people with HIV and those at significant risk to have healthy and productive lives, says WHO.

HIV statistics in the world

  • Since the beginning of the epidemic, the virus has claimed more than 35 million lives. In 2016, 1 million people suffered from AIDS-related diseases;
  • The most affected region is sub-Saharan Africa, with 25.6 million people living with HIV in 2015.

Estimated number of people living with HIV by WHO region, 2016

According to the report announced at the Fifth International Conference on HIV, held in March 2016 in Moscow, the following ranking of 10 countries was compiled by the number of people infected with AIDS. The incidence of AIDS in these countries is so high that it has the status of an epidemic.

AIDS– acquired immune deficiency syndrome due to HIV infection. It is the last stage of the disease of an HIV-infected person, accompanied by the development of infection, tumor manifestations, general weakness and ultimately leads to death.

10th place. Zambia

1.2 million patients out of 14 million population. Therefore, it is not surprising that the average life expectancy there is 38 years.

9th place. Russia

In 2016, in Russia, the number of people infected with AIDS exceeded 1 million people according to Russian health care, 1.4 million according to the EECAAC-2016 report. Moreover, the number of infected people has been actively growing over the past few years. For example: every 50th resident of Yekaterinburg is HIV positive.

In Russia, more than half of the patients became infected through a needle when injecting a drug. This route of infection is not the main route of infection for any country in the world. Why are there such statistics in Russia? Many say this is due to the shift away from the use of oral methadone as an injectable drug replacement.

Many people mistakenly believe that the problem of infection of drug addicts is only their problem; it is not so scary if the “scum of society” acquire diseases that lead to death. A person who uses drugs is not a monster who can be easily identified in a crowd. He has been leading a completely normal life for a long time. Therefore, spouses and children of drug addicts are often infected. Cases cannot be excluded when infection occurs in clinics and beauty salons after poor disinfection of instruments.

Until society realizes the real threat, until casual partners stop assessing the presence of STDs by eye, until the government changes its attitude towards drug addicts, we will rapidly rise in this ranking.

8th place. Kenya

6.7% of the population of this former English colony are HIV carriers, namely 1.4 million people. Moreover, the infection rate is higher among women, since the social level of the female population is low in Kenya. Perhaps the rather free morals of Kenyans also play a role - they approach sex easily.

7th place. Tanzania

Of the 49 million population of this African country, just over 5% (1.5 million) have AIDS. There are areas where the infection rate exceeds 10%: these are Njobe, far from tourist routes, and the capital of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam.

6th place. Uganda

The government of this country is making great efforts to combat the HIV problem. For example, if in 2011 there were 28 thousand children born with HIV, then in 2015 – 3.4 thousand. The number of new infections in adults also decreased by 50%. The 24-year-old king of Toro (one of the regions of Uganda) took control of the epidemic into his own hands and promised to stop the epidemic by 2030. There are one and a half million cases in this country.

5th place. Mozambique

More than 10% of the population (1.5 million people) are infected with HIV, and the country does not have its own resources to fight the disease. About 0.6 million children in this country are orphans due to the death of their parents from AIDS.

4th place. Zimbabwe

1.6 million infected per 13 million inhabitants. Widespread prostitution, lack of basic knowledge about contraception and general poverty led to these figures.

3rd place. India

Official figures are about 2 million patients, unofficial figures are much higher. Traditional Indian society is quite closed; many people keep silent about health problems. There is practically no educational work with young people; talking about condoms in schools is unethical. Hence, there is almost complete illiteracy in matters of contraception, which distinguishes this country from African countries, where getting condoms is not a problem. According to surveys, 60% of Indian women have never heard of AIDS.

2nd place. Nigeria

3.4 million HIV patients out of 146 million population, less than 5% of the population. The number of infected women is higher than men. Since there is no free healthcare in the country, the worst situation is in the poor.

1 place. South Africa

Country with the highest incidence of AIDS. Approximately 15% of the population is infected with the virus (6.3 million). About a quarter of high school girls already have HIV. Life expectancy is 45 years. Imagine a country where few people have grandparents. Scary? Although South Africa is recognized as the most economically developed country in Africa, most of the population lives below the poverty line. The government is doing a lot of work to curb the spread of AIDS; free condoms and testing are provided. However, poor people are convinced that AIDS is a white invention, just like condoms, and therefore both should be avoided.

Bordering South Africa, Swaziland is a country with a population of 1.2 million people, half of whom are HIV-positive. The average Swazilander does not live to be 37 years old.

Many countries assess HIV infection as the main problem in the formation of a healthy nation throughout the world. Depending on the economic state of the state, the ability to quickly and accurately detect infected people, timely high-quality treatment of patients, as well as public awareness of the dangers of the disease and prevention methods, the indicator that determines in which country the incidence of HIV (AIDS) is highest.

The popularity of the state in the world community and economic growth in the 21st century depend on this indicator. Many highly developed countries do not allow entry into their territory without passing the appropriate test, which indicates that the government is interested in the health of its population. In the Russian Federation, every year every working person is required to take a test to determine the retrovirus in the blood. This allows you to control the disease and take appropriate measures to prevent immunodeficiency. For example, in Belarus, when crossing a border checkpoint, you must document your HIV-negativity. But in Europe this document is not always required. In any case, when traveling to another country, you must have such data with you, which is valid for 3 months.

Countries are divided into 3 levels based on the number of HIV-infected people:

  1. States in which the AIDS pathogen is transmitted among men - homo- and bisexuals, drug addicts who use intravenous potent substances. These include the USA, Brazil, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Mexico, Great Britain, Turkey. These countries have a high rate of infected people per 100 thousand population, which ranges from 53 to 246 patients, depending on the region.
  2. The disease occurs among heterosexuals when the pathogen is transmitted sexually through contact with a prostitute. At the same time, there is a high degree of possibility of infection in people who have many sexual partners. Often such patients are also exposed to sexually transmitted diseases. Similar regions include countries in Asia and Eastern Europe. They have a relatively low rate of retrovirus infections, which ranges from 20 to 50 patients per 100 thousand population.
  3. In China, Japan, Nigeria, and Egypt, the incidence of HIV infection is lower than in other countries of the world. Here the disease is considered imported and is observed most often in prostitutes and people who use their services. These countries have a low infection rate, which ranges from 6 to 16 patients per hundred thousand citizens.

Countries intensively infected with HIV pose a great danger to the world's population. Statistics from such countries show that the incidence of immunodeficiency is growing every year. This suggests that the country is either not fighting AIDS, or the actions taken are not effective. There is a list that includes the most dangerous countries for HIV transmission. The rating below shows the level of danger in them:

  1. SOUTH AFRICA. It has the highest degree of infection of the population with a retrovirus. It is believed that approximately a quarter of the population is affected by immunodeficiency. There are 5.6 million AIDS patients here. The state has a mortality rate from HIV of about 1 million people per year, 15% of the total number of citizens are infected.
  2. India. AIDS has affected 2.4 million people here. In the country, the mortality index from immunodeficiency varies from 1% to 2% per year, the number of HIV-infected people is 10-12% of the population.
  3. Kenya has the lowest rate of HIV (AIDS) in Africa. Statistics indicate 1.5 million patients. The country has a mortality index from a retrovirus of 0.75 million people, 7.5% of the population is infected with this pathogen.
  4. Tanzania, Mozambique. There are 0.99-0.34 million people with AIDS here, depending on the region. These countries have a mortality rate from immunodeficiency of 0.2-0.5 million citizens per year, 8-12% of the population is infected.
  5. USA, Uganda, Nigeria, Zambia, Zimbabwe. There are 1.2 million people with AIDS. These countries have a total HIV mortality rate of 0.3-0.4 million people per year, 5% of the population is infected.
  6. Russia. There are 0.98 million people living with HIV in Russia. The mortality rate from AIDS reaches a level of slightly less than 3-4% of all cases. The most HIV-infected city in Russia is Yekaterinburg. It is believed that one in 50 city residents is infected with the retrovirus.
  7. Uzbekistan. 32,743 people are affected by the infection in Uzbekistan. Of these, 57% are men.
  8. Azerbaijan. The number of HIV (AIDS) patients in Azerbaijan is 131 people. Of these, 36 are women and 95 are men.
  9. United Arab Emirates. Recently, the detection of HIV infection among Arabs has increased. According to the latest data, the incidence index is 350-370 thousand per 367 million population.

HIV (AIDS) in Kazakhstan

According to the latest report, HIV infections in Kazakhstan are 0.01%. At the end of 2016, 22,474 cases of infection were registered. 16,530 people with AIDS have been identified. Among the total number, infected men make up 69%, women - 31%. Although females make up a smaller share among those infected, their number is gradually growing. The government is actively involved in HIV (AIDS) treatment in Kazakhstan. The effectiveness of the program is evidenced by:

increasing the number of early detection of patients;

an increase in the number of patients who received antiretroviral therapy;

reduction in the birth rate of infected children.

HIV in the USA

The number of people living with HIV in the United States is growing every year. The country has a high level of economy, which contributes to the early detection of infected people and the appointment of adequate treatment in the initial stages of the disease. This helps reduce the aggressiveness of the virus, prolong life and improve its quality.

How many people are infected with HIV in the USA? In America, immunodeficiency is more common among homosexuals. It is believed that there are about 2.6 million carriers of the infection living in the United States. But the high level of medical care allows such patients to be well taken care of, making their lives the same as those of healthy people.

How common is HIV in Russia?

AIDS in Russia has not yet achieved epidemic status, but growing rates indicate the possibility of rapid progression of infection among people in the country. HIV infection in Russia is considered one of the most dangerous pathologies, because there is no vaccine to prevent it, and only self-awareness of citizens can lead to a decrease in the incidence rate.

Where did AIDS come to Russia? The first confirmed case of immunodeficiency was discovered in Moscow in the family of a long-distance sailor. After a 9-month business trip to hot countries, he was already in his hometown hospitalized in a hospital with Pneumocystis pneumonia, which very often affects infected people due to a decrease in the barrier function of the immune system. The examination revealed human immunodeficiency virus. The man died a few months later, and his family had to move to the other end of the country and change their last names so that ill-wishers would not find them.

Since this period, the level of HIV incidence in Russia has been gradually increasing, violating standard indicators of public health and reducing its working capacity.

How many HIV-infected people are there in Russia? At the end of 2016, the quantitative index among those infected with the retrovirus was 0.98 million. This number is considered one of the lowest in the world, while AIDS mortality in the Russian Federation remains stable at an average level. In the regions of Russia, the situation with HIV incidence is different. This is due to several factors:

  1. Religiosity.
  2. Population of the region.
  3. Economic significance.
  4. Quality of medical equipment and service.

How many people have HIV (AIDS) in Russia? The largest figure is in the Ural Federal District. The incidence rate is the highest numerically among other regions of the country. It is 757.2 infected per 100 thousand population.

The Siberian Federal District has an incidence index of 532 infected people per 100 thousand citizens. Volga Federal District - 424 patients for the same number of population.

Among all the federal districts of the country, the North Caucasus Federal District has the lowest indicator, here the level is 58 people per 100 thousand population.

The number of AIDS patients in Russia in the Far Eastern Federal District is 172 infected. How many people suffer from HIV (AIDS) in Russia in the Northwestern region? The incidence index in this district is 407 patients per 100 thousand population.

The number of HIV and AIDS-infected people in Russia is progressing upward every year, so only prevention measures can reduce the incidence among citizens of the Russian Federation.

Thanks to standards for the treatment of immunodeficiency, the state program for detection and therapeutic assistance, the number of patients with HIV infection (AIDS) in Russia has decreased slightly. The rate of births of infected children has decreased, which indicates the early detection of the retrovirus in pregnant women and the provision of correct and effective treatment to them.

Thanks to the simplification of testing for retroviruses and constant screening of the population, the dynamics of HIV disease in Russia tends to reduce mortality rates. Some facts indicate that the number of carriers of the pathogen is increasing. But upon closer examination, it turns out that the number of citizens examined is growing every year, and this leads to an overestimation of the absolute incidence rate.

There is no need to be afraid that there are a million HIV-infected people in Russia. If you adhere to basic personal hygiene and prevention methods, the risk of infection approaches zero. You need to know that the best means of protection against infection with a retrovirus are barrier contraceptives and sterile instruments.

Of all the countries in the world, the highest growth rate in the number of new cases of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus) was recorded in Russia. This was stated by Deborah Birx, coordinator of global AIDS programs, speaking at the US State Department on the occasion of World AIDS Day, celebrated annually on December 1. She stated that “the largest increase in the number of new HIV infections worldwide is observed in Russia due to an insufficient response in the fight against the breadth and depth of the epidemic in the country.”

She did not provide any numbers or data to support her words. However, official statistics confirm these words of a representative of the US State Department. At the beginning of 2017, there were approximately 36.7 million people living with HIV worldwide, mostly in developing countries, including African countries. Of these, Russia accounts for about 900 thousand infected, according to official statistics. The real figures in the Russian Federation, according to domestic experts, are .

In 2016, 1.8 million new infections were recorded worldwide, in other words, about five thousand people become infected with HIV every day on the planet - one every 17 seconds. In Russia, the annual increase in the number of new cases of virus infection is on average 10%: in 2014 - 89,808 cases of new infections, in 2015 - 98,232 new infections, in 2016 - 103,438 cases. And this year will be no exception. Mortality from HIV infection, according to Rosstat, in Russia is also increasing annually: in 2014 - 12,540 deaths, in 2015 - 15,520, in 2016 - 18,575 deaths.

The World Health Organization (WHO), which has been keeping HIV statistics by region since data collection and analysis began in the 1980s, reports that the total number of people infected in the European Region has reached 2,167,684, including 1,114,815 cases reported in Russia.

Over the past year, according to WHO, in the European region it was recorded 160 thousand new cases- this is the maximum in the entire history of observations. The European region is the only one where the number of new infections is rising. But this does not mean that these ominous data apply to Europe. WHO statistics “for the European Region” unite 53 countries with a population of almost 900 million people - in addition to the countries of the European Economic Area (EU/EEA), it also includes Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Russia.

In the EU countries themselves, only 29 thousand new HIV infections were recorded last year. Russia spoils the “European statistics”, since out of the total regional figure of 160 thousand, more than 103 thousand cases are in our country.

A joint report by WHO and the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) said this is the highest number of cases reported in one year. “If the trend continues, we will not be able to meet the target of stopping the spread of the HIV epidemic by 2030,” says Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe.

Russia also recorded the highest incidence rates in 2016 - 70.6 cases per 100,000 population, in Ukraine this figure was 33.7 per 100 thousand, in Belarus - 25.2, in Moldova - 20.5. The number of new HIV infections diagnosed in Russia and Ukraine accounts for 73% of the number of infections in the European Region and 92% of the total in the eastern part of the European Region.

In 2014, more than 142,000 new cases of HIV infection were recorded in the European region (of which 89,808 cases were in the Russian Federation), in 2015 - 153,407 (of which 98,232 were in the Russian Federation). By the end of 2017, there will also be at least 100 thousand new infections in Russia, says the head of the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Vadim Pokrovsky.

According to him, the number of deaths due to HIV-positive status is also growing. “Last year, 18.5 thousand people, according to Rosstat, died from AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). In fact, more than 30 thousand people with HIV died, but why the remaining 15 thousand died is a question that requires study,” - Pokrovsky said.

It's all about the counting methods - every year in Russia tens of thousands of infected "anonymous" people are not counted

Official Russian statistics this year present much more optimistic figures for the number of HIV-infected people. According to the Ministry of Health, today there are 900 thousand HIV-infected citizens in Russia; according to the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor), at the beginning of 2017, 870,952 Russians lived in the country diagnosed with HIV/AIDS - 0.6% of the country's population. But according to the Federal AIDS Center, which is under the jurisdiction of Rospotrebnadzor, more than 1.3 million people in the Russian Federation are now living with HIV.

Health Minister Veronika Skvortsova recently announced a sharp, “almost twofold” decrease in the growth rate of HIV incidence in Russia in 2016 - from 10-12% per year on average over the past 10 years. “And although since 2006 there has been an annual increase in the number of new cases of HIV infection by an average of 10-12% per year, the measures we have taken have already allowed us to reduce the growth rate of new cases by almost half in 2016,” Skvortsova said at the opening of the III All-Russian Forum for specialists in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS.

This sounds good, especially given the official recognition of the scale of the HIV epidemic in 2015. But, unfortunately, this news is just a cost of the new calculation method, they note "Vedomosti" .

It cannot be said that the increase in morbidity in Russia is decreasing; we can only talk about a decrease in the increase in new cases. “Our growth is not decreasing, but as it was, remains the same, and increases,” says Vadim Pokrovsky, head of the scientific and methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS.

Since 2016, the Ministry of Health has only taken into account non-anonymous infected people - those who took tests in government medical institutions with a passport and insurance certificate in hand. There were 86,800 of these in 2016 compared to 100,000 in 2015. And taking into account anonymous tests, Rospotrebnadzor in 2016 counted 125,000 new cases of laboratory confirmation of HIV infection. Thus, the Ministry of Health turned a blind eye to at least 20% of those infected. And a considerable part of HIV-infected people do not yet know about their diagnosis, since the latent form can last 10-20 years.

At the same time, there is not enough money in the state budget for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. WHO recommends immunodeficiency virus-suppressing antiretroviral therapy (ARV) for everyone diagnosed with HIV, while in Russia the coverage of ARV therapy is 46% of the 650,000 people with HIV registered by the Ministry of Health, or 33% of the 900,000 living carriers of the virus registered Rospotrebnadzor as of the end of 2016.

State strategy of the Russian Federation to combat HIV: there is no prevention, they only identify those already infected

Let us recall that the state strategy to combat the spread of HIV, adopted by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, set the goal of increasing the coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ARV), which suppresses the immunodeficiency virus, to 90% of all infected people by 2020 - this would make it possible to stop the epidemic.

However, it is not easy for Russian citizens to receive such treatment, and in rural areas it is completely unrealistic; patients are given medications that are far from the most modern, with a large number of side effects, and mostly generics - medications that differ in composition from the original medicine both in the amount of active substance and by its quality.

In February 2015, due to the unfavorable dynamics of the spread of HIV infection in the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Health developed a strategy to combat AIDS until 2020. Officials planned to reduce prices for life-saving drugs for infected people through import substitution and the creation of cheaper Russian analogues.

But a Russian drug for the treatment of HIV will be registered, at best, only in 5-10 years, TASS reports. The development of the domestic gene therapy drug "Dinavir", which is being developed by a group of scientists from the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, is now only at the stage of preclinical trials.

As for existing medications, according to the head of the scientific and methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Vadim Pokrovsky, only a quarter of patients receive them.

Despite the fact that the Russian government announced in April an increase in spending on the fight against AIDS, only 60 thousand people will feel the positive effect - “a drop of water on a hot stone,” Pokrovsky believes.

In general, according to him, in Russia there are no pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programs, when antiretroviral drugs are taken by people with a potentially high risk of contracting HIV. There is no money for this, because there is not enough medicine even for already infected citizens. Against this background, the only working and officially approved concept in Russia is the “test and treat” strategy, recalls Medvestnik. “Prevention should prevent infections, but we identify those already infected, and more and more every year. At the same time, next year the State Duma is going to reduce the budget for the treatment of HIV infection from 17.5 to 16.5 billion rubles. Therefore, one should not be surprised that our epidemic is on the rise,” Pokrovsky believes.

“The Russian state does not stand on ceremony with those who criticize it. As soon as Pokrovsky complained about the insufficiently active fight against the epidemic, the Ministry of Health deprived the Federal AIDS Center of public funds in June of this year under a far-fetched pretext. Non-governmental organizations also face an increased number of obstacles. Many of them are forced to curtail their work, since, according to a law passed in 2012, they are required to register as “foreign agents,” recalls the Swiss newspaper Neue Zuercher Zeitung... By the way, in Switzerland the situation is almost stable - in 2016, the virus was found in 539 people there, in 2015 - 537.

Sex between men remains one of the main routes of HIV transmission

Despite the presence of specialized prevention programs in many European countries, sex between men continues to be the predominant route of HIV transmission in European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries.

In all previous years, cases of HIV diagnosis among men who have sex with men grew at an alarming rate - from 30% in 2005 to 42% in 2014.

According to the acting Director of the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) Andrea Ammon, to reduce these statistics, new strategies must be adopted, such as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and access to care for EU citizens living in other countries.

In Russia, the official statistics are different: 40% of all HIV-infected people are people of traditional sexual orientation, from 55% to 60% of those infected were infected as a result of drug use, and only less than 2% were infected through homosexual contacts.

However, these figures are again far from reality due to the fact that in Russia, due to the high level of condemnation, gays cannot even tell doctors that they have had same-sex contacts. "In AIDS centers there is a system of codes that are assigned to different groups. For men who have sex with men, it is 103. But they are given other codes, for example 105 (persons with promiscuity). And thus gays add to the statistics of the heterosexual path programs. But according to research by public organizations, every sixth gay man in Russia is already infected,” Evgeny Pisemsky, head of the Oryol NGO “Phoenix PLUS”, told Radio Liberty.

“Specialists in AIDS centers are well aware of such underestimated statistics. But they are always under the sword of Damocles of the law on so-called propaganda among minors and interpret it in such a way that “just in case, we won’t even mention it, otherwise we will be accused of propaganda.” homosexuality." But only real numbers could convince society that the problem exists," says Pisemsky.

According to the Open Institute of Health Foundation, the results of a 2017 biobehavioral study show that the average HIV infection rate among gay men in Russia is 18% (in Moscow - 13%, in St. Petersburg - 24%, in Yekaterinburg - 16%).

According to Pisemsky, the state will not be able to fight HIV without recognizing that it is spreading very quickly in this particular risk group. This means that no prevention is carried out in this environment, and gays themselves receive the misleading confidence that the HIV problem does not concern them.

Every second HIV-infected person is diagnosed at a late stage

Almost half of HIV infections across the European Region, which includes Russia, are diagnosed at a late stage: this increases the risks of poor health, death and HIV transmission.

The high number of AIDS cases in Russia and other Eastern European countries confirms that late diagnosis, delayed initiation of antiretroviral therapy and low treatment coverage contribute to the development of morbidity, the World Health Organization notes.

HIV/AIDS surveillance data from 2016 suggest that the likelihood of late diagnosis increases with age. Thus, 65% (63% in EU/EEA countries) of people over 50 years of age in the European Region were diagnosed with HIV infection at an advanced stage.

Testing for HIV infection for certain diseases, such as other sexually transmitted infections, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis and some types of cancer, can improve diagnostic quality.

According to Russian statistics, more than half (51%) of registered cases of HIV infection are diagnosed at a late stage of the disease.

Related publications