The history of the toothbrush for children. History of the toothbrush
Class hour
prepared by primary school teacher
Shakhmina L.I.
MBOU secondary school No. 8 s. Levokumka
VISITING THE TOOTHBRUSH
OUR GUEST…
Toothbrush
Bone back, Stiff bristles Goes well with mint paste, Serves us diligently.
On the red perch
White hens are sitting.
DID YOU KNOW THAT:
A TOOTH IS A LIVING ORGAN. IT IS COVERED WITH HARD ENAMEL, WHICH PROTECTS IT FROM DAMAGE.
Each tooth consists of three main parts:
Crown – part of the tooth that is visible in the oral cavity;
Root – part of the tooth that is located in the jaw;
Neck – the part of the tooth that is located between the crown and the root. It is covered by the gum.
THIS IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW!
WHAT HARMFUL FOR ZUBOV ?
WHAT SHOULD YOU DO TO PREVENT TEETH HURT?
WHEN YOU EAT, BLEAN YOUR TEETH
- Nibble nuts
- Eating very cold or very hot food
- Eating foods that are harmful to teeth (especially a lot of sweets)
DO THIS TWICE A DAY.
PREFER FRUITS TO CANDIES,
VERY IMPORTANT PRODUCTS!
We brush, brush our teeth And we live happily. And for those who don’t clean them, We sing a song: - Hey, don't yawn Don't forget about your teeth Bottom up, top down Don't be lazy about brushing your teeth.
HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF THE TOOTHBRUSH
Since ancient times, people have come up with different ways to brush their teeth. African tribes chewed sticks made from plant roots containing antimicrobial agents. The Indians chewed tree resin, and the Celts and ancient Germans chewed sheep's wool mixed with honey. . African tribes chewed sticks made from plant roots containing antimicrobial agents. The Indians chewed tree resin, and the Celts and ancient Germans chewed sheep's wool mixed with honey. In 1850, an American Henry Wadsworth received the first patent for a toothbrush. It was very similar to the ones we use today.
MAKE SHORT MOVEMENTS, POSITIONING THE BRUSH AT AN ANGLE TO THE TOOTH
RULES FOR BRUSHING TEETH :
POSITION THE TOOTHBRUSH HEAD AT A 45 ANGLE 0 TO THE TOOTH AND MAKE A SWEEPING MOVEMENT AWAY FROM THE GUM
TOOTHBRUSH
POSITION
HORIZONTALLY
AND MAKE MOVEMENTS
BACK AND FORTH
TOOTHBRUSH
LOCATED
VERTICAL,
DIRECTION OF TRAFFIC –
FROM THE GUM TO THE INCIDENTAL EDGE OF THE TOOTH
FINISHING TEETH CLEANING
CIRCULAR MOVEMENTS
BRUSHES WITH TEETH GRIPPER AND
GUM WHEN CLOSED JAWS
What movements do we brush our teeth with?
Teeth should be brushed from the corners, from the side teeth. First from the inside, up and down. This is how the walls are cleaned. We move the brush along the tops of the teeth in circles or loops. When we brush our teeth, we need to wash the brush and put it in a glass.
How many times a day should you brush your teeth? When? What paste do you use?
You should brush your teeth twice a day – morning and evening. A special children's toothpaste is produced for children.
Every tooth needs to be brushed Upper tooth, lower tooth, Even the farthest tooth, - A very important tooth. Inside, outside three, Three outside, inside.
Toothbrushes with natural and artificial bristles
Almost everyone starts every morning with visiting the bathroom and brushing their teeth. Dental services are very expensive, so you need to take care of your teeth. Probably, each of us has thought at least once in our lives what path the toothbrush went through before coming to us in the classic form in which we know it now. What did people use to brush their teeth in ancient times, in the Middle Ages, for example?
A toothbrush is intended not only for cleaning teeth, but also for massaging and removing plaque from the gums using a special toothpaste. In terms of hardness, toothbrushes are soft and medium. Soft ones are bought for children; adults often use medium-hard brushes. Hard brushes are designed for cleaning dentures.
Let's take a little walk through the history of the appearance, or, more precisely, the creation and development of the toothbrush from antiquity to the present day.
The history of the toothbrush
The history of the appearance and development of the toothbrush very interesting and one might even say somewhat unusual. Let's try to tell it as briefly as possible.
In ancient times, people rubbed their teeth with a bunch of grass. Over time, the first toothpicks also appeared.
Scientists say that in Kievan Rus they cleaned their teeth with oak brushes. They used a brush to rub their teeth to remove plaque, and the other end of the stick, unbroken, could be used as a toothpick. By the way, everyone knows that oak bark perfectly strengthens the gums and is used to relieve inflammation in the oral cavity.
In 1498, primitive toothbrushes were improved in China. The handle was made of bamboo, and the hardest and most durable bristles of the Siberian boar were attached to it perpendicularly. True, the invention of toothpaste was still far away, so they were used dry.
During the time of Peter I, and this is the end of the 17th - beginning of the 18th century, toothbrushes were replaced with a cloth with crushed chalk.
In the middle of the 17th century, a French dentist published a book about dental diseases. Pierre Fauchard invented false teeth, porcelain enamel coated dental caps, and pin teeth. In his work, he even used primitive braces. The doctor insisted on mandatory daily brushing of teeth, suggesting that teeth and gums be wiped with a natural sea sponge, since animal bristles either injured the teeth or were too soft.
The first toothbrushes
Mass production of toothbrushes began in 1780 by Englishman William Addis.
The production of toothbrushes began in 1780 by the Englishman William Addis. 10 years earlier, Addis went to prison for inciting a riot, where he made his first toothbrush. The design was very simple: William drilled holes in a piece of bone and passed tufts of bristles through these holes, which he then secured with glue. 10 years later, already free, Addis founded a company for the industrial production of toothbrushes, Wisdom Toothbrushes. By the way, his company still exists.
But the first patent for a toothbrush was received by the American Wadsworth in 1850, but mass production of such a useful and necessary toothbrush for oral hygiene began only 35 years after this significant event. The first brushes were made of bone (handle) and natural Siberian boar bristles. It is worth noting the disadvantages of this device for cleaning teeth: boar bristles did not dry well, in addition, natural bristles have a cavity in which bacteria multiplied very readily, as a result they were of relatively poor quality and ineffective.
At the end of the 19th century, Louis Pasteur argued that the causes of dental diseases are bacteria and viruses in the oral cavity and which multiply well in long-drying natural bristles. It was suggested that toothbrushes be boiled, which caused them to become unusable quite quickly.
The emergence of modern toothbrushes
But a toothbrush useful for human health appeared later. In 1937, specialists from the American chemical company Du Pont invented the synthetic material nylon, which had many advantages:
- ease,
- strength,
- elasticity,
- moisture resistance,
- high resistance to many chemicals,
- quick-drying bristles,
- the soon-invented “soft” nylon did not scratch teeth.
And so, in the 20th century, namely on February 24, 1938, the Oral-B company released the first brush with synthetic fibers instead of natural ones. Nylon fibers were used, which dried quickly and did not absorb moisture.
It is also worth noting the first appearance of an electric toothbrush. It was called Broxodent and was proposed by Squibb Pharmaceutical back in 1959.
This is the history of the origin and development of the toothbrush over the centuries, from antiquity to the present day.
Washing and brushing your teeth is a mandatory hygienic procedure that every civilized and self-respecting person should perform in the mornings and evenings. We cultivate these skills in our children from an early age. It's no secret that teeth play an important role in the health of our body. Our ancestors knew about this, which means we owe them the appearance of the first toothbrush.
The history of the toothbrush dates back to ancient times. During excavations, archaeologists have many times found human devices used to clean teeth. This is only confirmation that people have always cared about oral hygiene. At the very beginning, people used simple sticks to clean their teeth, one end of which was pointed and the other softened. The sharp tip was needed to clean the mouth of food debris (the toothpick principle), and plaque from the teeth helped remove the second edge (coarse wood fibers), which had to be chewed.
The first such toothpicks became known after they were found in the tombs of Egypt. Some peoples still brush their teeth this way. These are mainly tribes whose territory of residence is modern Africa. These sticks are most often made from Salvadora bark, which has the properties of killing germs and strengthening gums. Also, the population of Ancient China, India, and Iran used toothpicks. Mastic wood, bronze and gold were used to make them.
The first mention of a modern brush can be found in chronicles of the 4th-3rd centuries BC. e. At that time, these were dental brooms made from split twigs. The first toothbrush appeared in June 1498. China is considered its homeland. Handles for brushes were made from bamboo or bone, and bristles were made from pig hair, which became tougher in cold climates. Therefore, when the brush “arrived” in Europe, its material was not particularly liked by the residents of these countries. Europeans preferred horsehair, which they began to use in the manufacture of their brushes.
Under Tsar Ivan the Terrible, they used sticks with tufts of bristles attached to the ends; they were called dental brooms. After Louis Pasteur suggested that the cause of many diseases could be pathogenic microbes, for which the moisture remaining on the brush is a favorable environment for development, it was decided that it was rather unsafe to use them for dental health.
And so, the English company Addis became the manufacturer of the first toothbrushes in history. Already in 1840, brush production began in Germany and France. Suppliers of bristles for their production are Russia and China.
In 1938, synthetic fibers replaced natural bristles. Too hard at first, they hurt the gums, and therefore were improved (1950). DuPont became the new manufacturer. In 1938, the first brush powered by electricity was produced in Switzerland, but it could only appear on sale in the 60s. The appearance of a device powered not by the mains, but by energy from a built-in battery, dates back to 1961. A toothbrush with a rotating head appears a little later.
Speaking about technology for the production of toothbrushes, we can say that one development is ahead of another. We are especially pleased with Japanese manufacturers. So Panasonic employees came up with the idea of creating a brush with a video camera to allow the user to see all the hard-to-reach areas and clean them thoroughly. Having singled out the toothbrush from all scientific inventions made by man, the Americans placed it on a pedestal (January 2003), believing that today's life is impossible without it.
Several years ago, a small and short-lived journal, which set itself the task of publishing unusual hypotheses rejected by “official” science, published an article claiming that brushing your teeth is harmful. The author's main arguments: animals do not brush their teeth and do not have caries; Brushing disrupts the natural ecosystem of the oral cavity, beneficial microbes are cleaned off, and their place is taken by harmful ones that destroy tooth enamel.
The author of the hypothesis is, in principle, right, but his arguments have nothing to do with the majority of our contemporaries. A natural ecosystem would exist in the mouth if we ate the natural food that nature intended for our species: vegetables, fruits, roots, nuts, and less often meat and seafood - and all this in raw form. However, since Homo Erectus tamed fire and developed a taste for fried/boiled food, the acid-base balance in the mouth has been disrupted and remains so to this day.
What is characteristic is that the same Homo Erectus noticed the connection between processed food and poor dental condition and began brushing his teeth: after examining the remains of teeth, which are more than 1 million years old, archaeologists found that the small curved dimples on them are nothing more than the result of brushing. True, it was not a brush that was used for this (creating such a thin instrument was beyond the power of the ancient people), but a bunch of grass that the ancient people used to rub their teeth :)
The oldest example of a toothbrush is a wooden stick, soaked at one end and sharpened at the other. The sharp end was used to remove food fibers, the other was chewed with teeth, while coarse wood fibers removed plaque from the teeth. These “brushes” were made from special types of wood containing essential oils and known for their disinfecting properties. Such “dental sticks”, about five thousand years old, are found in Egyptian tombs, but in some corners of the Earth they are still used: for example, in Africa they are made from twigs of trees of the genus El Salvador, and in some American states the indigenous population uses twigs of white elm.
It took centuries for a tool more or less similar to a modern toothbrush to appear. It was only in 1498 in China that they came up with the idea of attaching a small number of Siberian boar bristles to a bamboo handle. True, this brush was used “dry”, that is, without toothpaste or cleansing powder. The bristles were chosen the hardest and most durable - from the ridge of the boar. We attached the bristly head not parallel to the handle, as we are used to, but perpendicularly, to make cleaning more convenient.
Gradually, the Asian “new product” began to be “exported” to other countries of the world, and the fashion for brushing teeth reached Russia. Already under Ivan the Terrible, bearded boyars, no, no, and even took out a “tooth broom” - a wooden stick with a tuft of bristles - from the pocket of their caftan at the end of a stormy feast.
Under Peter I, the royal decree ordered that the brush be replaced with a cloth and a pinch of crushed chalk. In the villages, teeth were still rubbed with birch charcoal, which perfectly whitened teeth.
In fashionable Europe, the toothbrush initially became an outcast: it was believed that using this tool was indecent (as we remember, ladies and gentlemen also did not consider washing something necessary). However, by the middle of the 17th century, the toothbrush began to gain ground, which was facilitated by the appearance of the book “The Dentist-Surgeon, or Treatise on the Teeth” by the French dentist Pierre Fauchard. In his scientific work, Fauchard criticized the then prevailing opinion that the cause of dental diseases were some mysterious “tooth worms.” He identified 102 types of dental diseases and also developed a more humane method for removing teeth. The doctor also became famous for the fact that he invented false teeth, pin teeth, caps for teeth coated with porcelain enamel, and began to use primitive braces.
So, Fauchard argued that teeth must be brushed every day. True, in his opinion, horsehair, which was used in Europe to make bristles for toothbrushes, was too soft and could not clean teeth efficiently, and pig bristles, on the contrary, severely damaged the enamel of teeth. Alas, the doctor could not suggest any optimal material for bristles - his recommendations were limited to the instruction to wipe the teeth and gums with a natural sea sponge.
Humanity received proof that tooth bristles require a revolutionary new material at the end of the 19th century, when the outstanding French microbiologist Louis Pasteur hypothesized that the cause of many dental diseases are microbes and viruses. And where is it most comfortable for them to reproduce, if not in the moist environment of the natural bristles of toothbrushes? As an option, dentists suggested boiling toothbrushes daily, thereby disinfecting them, but this procedure quickly wore out the bristles and made the brush unusable.
But it took another half a century to make a toothbrush a tool useful for human health. In 1937, specialists from the American chemical company Du Pont invented nylon, a synthetic material whose appearance marked the beginning of a new era in the development of toothbrushes. On February 24, 1938, Oral-B released the first brush that replaced animal bristles with synthetic nylon fibers. The advantages of nylon over bristles or horsehair are obvious: it is lightweight, quite durable, elastic, moisture-resistant, and highly resistant to many chemicals. Nylon bristles dried much faster, so bacteria did not multiply as quickly. True, nylon scratched gums and teeth quite a lot, but after some time Du Pont managed to fix this by synthesizing “soft” nylon, which dentists vied with each other to praise their patients.
The end of the 30s of the 20th century was marked by another important event in the world of oral hygiene - the first electric toothbrush appeared. True, attempts to create such a device have been made for a long time. So, back at the end of the 19th century, a certain Dr. Scott (George A. Scott) invented an electric brush and even patented it in the American Patent Office. However, unlike modern devices, that brush “hit” a person with an electric current during use. According to the inventor, electricity could have a beneficial effect on dental health.
A more humane toothbrush, powered by an electric network, was created in 1939 in Switzerland, but production and sales began only in 1960, when the American pharmaceutical company Bristol-Myers Squibb released a toothbrush called Broxodent. It was planned that it would be used by people who have problems with fine motor skills, or those whose teeth are “decorated” with permanent orthopedic equipment (in other words, braces). Since the engine was large, the brush was a stationary device :) While your teeth were being brushed, you could shave:
But already in 1961, General Electrics introduced its version of an electric toothbrush, intended for use by all people without exception. Unlike Broxodent, this toothbrush did not work from the mains, but was powered by a built-in battery.
Over the next forty years, only the lazy did not try to experiment with a toothbrush. Experts say that between 1963 and 1998, more than 3,000 toothbrush models were patented. Whatever they did with them: the bristles began to be covered with a pigment that gradually wore off, which reminded the owner of the need to replace the brush. Then brushes with rounded ends appeared, which were safer for teeth and gums. The brush was equipped with a built-in timer, then it became possible to replace the cleaning heads, later they released electric rotating brushes, and then reciprocating rotating brushes (the reciprocating rotational movements of the head do not “drill” teeth), and, for example, the latest Braun development additionally has 3D technology. pulsations to soften plaque and massage the gums.
In countries where medical care is expensive, electric toothbrushes have become widespread - simply because they clean better and save on trips to the dentist. In our country, using an electric brush is more likely associated with laziness - they say, “it’s a bummer for him to even move his hand back and forth, let the brush do everything for him” :) In fact, in order to switch to an electric brush once and for all, it’s enough to brush your teeth with it once - the sensations are completely different, as if after a professional cleaning at the dentist.
ZY Progress continues: recently in Japan they introduced a brush that connects to a computer via a USB port - especially for bloggers :)) But, as usual, Japanese goods most often remain inside Japan, so we have no chance to buy such a gadget yet.
Z.Z.Y. In January 2003, Americans named the toothbrush the number one invention on the list of inventions they couldn't live without, leaving behind the car, personal computer, cell phone and microwave oven.
Olga Blagodarova
Abstract of GCD in the senior group “History of the toothbrush. Dental care"
Description of material: I suggest you abstract direct educational activities for children senior group(5-6 years) on this topic " History of the toothbrush. Dental care" The abstract will be useful for educators senior group.
Summary of GCD in the senior group on the topic: « History of the toothbrush. Dental care».
Integration of educational regions: "Cognition", "Health-saving technologies", "Communication and Socialization", "Reading fiction".
Target: Continue to introduce the rules of personal hygiene, reinforce the rules dental and oral care. Tell about history of the toothbrush. To form a cognitive interest in a person.
Tasks:
Educational: Introduce children to the function and structure of teeth.
Developmental: Develop thinking, gross and fine motor skills, communication skills.
Educational: To promote compliance with the rules of personal hygiene. Cultivate the desire to have beautiful and healthy teeth.
Demo material: Poster "Human Hygiene", presentation « History of the toothbrush» .
GCD move:
Educator: Hello guys! Listen to the riddle and tell me what it is about?
Red doors
In my cave,
White animals
At the door.
And meat and bread - all my spoils -
I gladly give it to white animals!
Educator: Here in the big pink cave that people call "oral cavity" there are 2 rows of pearl-white teeth. Tell me, what kind of teeth do little children have? (children's answer).
Educator: Little children have small teeth, they are called milk teeth. They have a more bluish color than permanent ones. Called baby teeth milk "father of medicine" Hippocrates, because they erupt at a time when the child is fed only breast milk and cannot eat solid food. In ancient times, people believed that teeth were formed from milk. Permanent teeth are larger. They have a white-cream color, uniform shine and are arranged in two even rows.
All children have teeth:
Among obedient naughty girls,
In babies and big ones -
What do you know about them?
What are you like?
In a white hard coat,
Our best friends
White teeth.
Educator: Guys, let's look at how a tooth works. Look what tooth? (children's answer)
Educator: On the outside he is white shiny, wearing a beautiful "shirt" made of enamel. Enamel is a thin layer covering the top tooth-crown. Between the crown and the root there is a neck tooth. Root - part tooth, which is located in the jaw. A plant feeds from the root, just as a tooth feeds from the root.
Educator: Why do you think a tooth can hurt? (children's answers)
Educator: A hole in a tooth always hurts. What should you do to avoid a hole in your tooth? (children's answer)
Educator: Tell me, why does a person need teeth? (children's answers)
Educator: That's right, they are needed so that we bite and chew food, but also so that a person can smile dazzlingly and for beautiful speech. Our teeth can be compared to plants in flower pots, where each tooth is fixed in its own bone "potty".
Physical education minute.
Our kids are tired
And everyone stood up from their chairs,
We stretched, we stretched,
We smiled at the sun,
Bent right, left
We quickly went down to the river,
Clear water flows
We know how to wash ourselves
We take toothpaste
Firmly brushing three teeth
Wash your neck, wash your ears
Let's dry ourselves.
Educator: Behind teeth You need to take care of it like flowers. How do you guys take care of yours? teeth? (children's answers)
Educator dental care? (Children's answers)
Educator: Who knows what every person needs to have for dental care? (Children's answers).
Educator: Have you ever been interested in story about a toothbrush? Who came up with its use?
Scurries about Toothbrush,
Like a boat on the sea,
Like a steamboat on a river
By it suits my teeth,
Up and down, back and forth.
We will remove plaque and stains,
So that your teeth don't hurt,
So that they turn white like winter snow.
Likeness toothbrush Ancient people had a bunch of grass with which they rubbed their teeth.
In ancient Egypt they used a wooden stick with chewed "broom" On the one side.
In the 14th century, China came up with the idea of attaching a small number of boar bristles to a bamboo handle. The hardest and most durable bristles were chosen - from the animal’s neck.
Gradually, the fashion for brushing teeth reached Russia. During the time of Ivan the Terrible, they were in use dental"brooms"- chopsticks with a tuft of bristles at the end, they were used after meals.
Look what the royal ones used to be brushes.
Nowadays they make nylon brushes.
Toothbrush man's best friend. Toothbrush cleans plaque. Brushes are different: hard, medium hard, soft, very soft.
Behind toothbrush needs to be maintained. Best to store toothbrush in a dry and open place, which the bathroom, unfortunately, is not. Recommends lowering twice a week toothbrush into mouth rinse for 10-15 minutes.
Buy a new one every three months a brush to replace the old one.
Listen to how to brush your teeth correctly toothbrush
Every tooth needs to be brushed
Upper tooth, lower tooth,
Even the farthest tooth, -
A very important tooth.
Inside, outside three,
Three outside, inside.
Slide No. 10
To strengthen your teeth, you need to eat dairy products, fish, and chew carrots, apples, and turnips.
Slide No. 11
Now I will introduce you to the rules that you all must know.
You need to brush your teeth twice a day
Use only yours toothbrush
Always rinse your mouth with boiled water after eating
Don't pick at teeth with sharp objects
Don't chew nuts with teeth, sugar, hard candies
Visit your dentist at least twice a year.
Educator: And now I suggest you play a game “What is good and what is bad for teeth”. (Children stand in a circle) If I say that what is good for teeth is clap, then what is harmful is stomp.
