What methods of contraception are there? The best contraceptives Contraception for irregular sexual activity.

In modern society, more and more girls and women prefer to take birth control pills, since this method of contraception has significant advantages over other methods of preventing unwanted pregnancy.

In the vastness of our homeland, taking contraceptives in tablets is not yet as popular as in the West. A In developed European countries, women have been practicing this for quite a long time.

More and more women are starting to use birth control pills

For example, according to recent surveys of women living in France, about 75-80% of them have tried or regularly take birth control pills.

At the beginning of the article we provide a list of the most common birth control pills(names) and their approximate cost in Russia, and then you can learn in more detail about the features of the drugs, their composition, use, contraindications and other useful information on the topic.

List of birth control pills (names and approximate price)

Types and effects on the body of contraceptives

The female body contains a large number of hormones that influence and control the activity of the reproductive system. That's why At different periods of life, the ratio of hormones differs.

The tablets act at the hormonal level, and each category of women should take their own medications.

Combined oral medications (COCs)

The drugs are based on 2 synthetic hormones: estrogen and progesterone. Any of the groups COCs act on the principle of blocking ovulation. Reliability is extremely high thanks to progesterone. Estrogen controls menstruation and does not affect pregnancy.

COCs are divided into several groups. The classification is based on the characteristics of women: age, presence of a child, problems with hormone balance.

Microdosed tablets. This group of contraceptives is intended for women who have not given birth but are sexually active. Side effects of the drugs are minimal. These contraceptive pills contain in their list such drugs as (abbreviated names): Qlaira, Jace, Dimia.

Qlaira blisters contain several types of tablets, which must be taken strictly according to the instructions. With pills 2 hormones enter the body - estradiol valerate and dienogest. They suppress ovulation. Dienogest has a positive effect on a woman’s appearance. The price of the drug is from 700 rubles.

James is a product with main and additional tablets. There are 24 main ones, and 4 additional ones. The drug suppresses ovulation. Cost about 1 thousand rubles.

Dimia is an analogue of James for the same price. The active ingredients of the drug are different.

Low dose birth control pills. Used by women for whom microdosed tablets are not suitable:

• presence of bloody discharge;
• after the birth of a child;
• late reproductive period.

The group's drugs include: Yarina, Janine, Silhouette.

Yarina is taken for 21 days in the order indicated in the instructions. Yarina tablets cannot be combined with other drugs, as this reduces reliability and causes bleeding. Costs from 950 rubles.

Janine is an expensive drug, the price starts from 1,650 rubles, depending on the place of purchase. Produced in Germany.

The tablets contain substances that have a beneficial effect on the gastric mucosa and the woman’s body as a whole.

High dosage tablets. As a contraceptive during periods of hormonal imbalance, it is recommended to take the following birth control pills (list of abbreviated names): Tri-regol, Triquilar, Triziston.
Tri-Regol costs 200 rubles. There are cheap analogues.

Triziston is produced in Germany. The action of the drug is aimed at inhibiting the production of gonadotropic hormones. Price – from 500 rub. The active substances begin to act on the body after 2 hours.

Note! Highly dosed medications should only be taken as prescribed by a doctor!

Contraceptives with gestagen

Signs for use:

• lactation period;
• recent childbirth or late reproductive age;
• regular sex life;
• Estrogen is contraindicated;
• smoking and age over 35 years.

Preparations with gestagen are called “mili-pili”. The list of popular names for these contraceptive pills is as follows: Desogestrel, Desogestrel.

Pills without hormones

The drugs in this group do not contain hormones; they are injected directly into the vagina. Non-hormonal tablets are sometimes classified as spermicides– candles, gels, creams.

The active substance of non-hormonal drugs is benzalkonium chloride or nonoxynol. Their goal is to destroy the sperm membrane, This is how pregnancy is prevented.

List of such contraceptives (abbreviated names): Ginekotex, Pharmatex, Postinor, Escapelle.

The newest generation of contraceptives

Modern new generation contraceptives not only have a hormonal effect on the reproductive system, but also create an aggressive environment for sperm.

The scheme of action also has an abortifacient component, in which sperm come under the influence of the active substance of the drug and die.

The fewer synthetic hormones in the drug that affect embryo implantation, the higher the abortive effect of the drug.

Doses of the active substance vary - if the drug contains a small amount of a substance that kills sperm, then a large amount of the hormone to influence the embryo.

Unwanted pregnancy is prevented step by step - in 2 stages.

The new generation of birth control pills is represented by such drugs as (abbreviated list of names): Jess and Jess Plus, Marvelon, Nuvaring, Depo-Prover.

Correct use of contraceptives with hormones

The main rules for taking most medications:

• daily intake;
• it is advisable to take the drug at the same time;
• the reception lasts 21 or 28 days (depending on the specific drug);
• there is an indicator on the foil of the package indicating which pills to take;
• after 7 or 21 days a reaction will follow that resembles menstruation.

Features of taking medications for 21 days

Some birth control medications last for 21 days. They start drinking them after the first day of menstruation.. After finishing the treatment, a break of 7 days is taken. No protection is required during this period.

Contraceptive pills for 21 days are represented by the following list of names: Novinet, Yarina, Lindinet 20, Midiana, Rigevidon.

Contraceptive 28 days

The 28-day birth control pill is a popular option for Jess.

Before you start taking hormonal contraceptives, you should consult a gynecologist. This is due to the different amounts of synthetic hormones in the drugs and how they affect the woman’s body both when taken and subsequently.

Not all pills are suitable for all women. In addition, there are certain risks that should be discussed with a qualified healthcare professional.

Undesirable effects of drugs on the body and prohibition of their use

You should carefully consider the possible side effects of taking a particular drug to avoid health complications.

Most of the side effects experts include:

• absence of menstruation;
• depression, including loss of attraction to men as sexual partners;
• vaginal discharge outside of menstruation;
• headaches and blurred vision;
• unstable blood pressure;
• change in body weight.

If the above symptoms are observed, you should immediately consult the doctor who prescribed the drug. He will conduct an examination and, if necessary, replace the drug.

You should know! Some side effects are observed only during the first 4 months of use.

You should immediately consult a doctor if:

• poisoning;
• breathing problems;
• body pain;
• problems with speech or vision.

All drugs have contraindications to varying degrees:

• current pregnancy;
• liver problems;
• problems with the cardiovascular system;
• smoking;
• age over 35 years;
• diabetes;
• breast cancer;
• liver diseases.

Emergency contraception and hormone-free methods

Emergency contraception differs from interruption in that the former is carried out during ovulation. That is at the moment of the meeting of the sperm and the egg, special drugs act on them.

Their goal is to prevent the meeting or prevent the encountered zygote from consolidating in the uterus. Such drugs take only 6 days to act: 3 days for the egg to move to the uterus and 3 days for consolidation.

If time is lost, then come and resort to termination of pregnancy at an early stage.

Arguments FOR and AGAINST taking birth control pills

Any issue has its positive and negative sides. The same applies to protection against unwanted pregnancy. The arguments FOR using birth control pills are as follows::

• almost one hundred percent efficiency;
• Possibility of use in any age category;
• comfort during sexual intercourse;
• stabilization of hormonal balance in a woman’s body.

However, there is also Arguments AGAINST using birth control pills:

• if there are contraindications or side effects, taking pills is prohibited;
• complications are possible after taking it, including the occurrence of cancer;
• pills remove some vitamins from the body;
• risk of glaucoma;
• risk of genital diseases;
• risk of hormonal imbalance, weight and mood changes.

If we weigh the pros and cons, expert advice and women’s opinions, it is worth noting that Taking birth control pills on a regular basis is recommended only after childbirth. Since in this case, possible negative effects on the female body and future pregnancy are excluded.

According to doctors and psychotherapists, termination of pregnancy is a serious step that a woman should take only in extreme circumstances.

It is easier to prevent unwanted fertilization of an egg by creating unacceptable conditions for sperm inside the vagina than to regularly take birth control pills with a possible risk of deteriorating women's health.

And of course, regardless of age and state of health, every representative of the fair half of humanity, You should definitely consult your doctor before taking any medications, even if they are claimed to be safe.

This video will tell you about the dangers of birth control pills:

The following video will tell you about oral tablets and the rules for taking them:

You can learn about the effect of birth control pills from this video:

Protection from unwanted pregnancy is one of the most pressing issues of concern to all women. Everyone understands perfectly well that abortions cause enormous harm to the female body. However, gynecologists are seriously concerned about the current situation: despite the fact that there are now new generation contraceptives, the number of unplanned pregnancies ending in abortions is growing every year.

What makes women refuse to use effective contraceptives of the new generation, take thoughtless risks, and, in the end, go for an abortion? The financial side of the issue? It can hardly be called an objective reason - the methods are very diverse. If desired, a woman with absolutely any income can choose suitable means of protection against unwanted pregnancy. In fact, most methods and means of contraception do not cause much harm to a woman’s budget. An abortion will entail much more damage for the woman, both financial and moral.

If the reason for women’s refusal to use contraceptives against unwanted pregnancy is not the financial side, then what is? What makes women risk their health and ignore contraceptive methods? As the results of long-term observation of gynecologists, as well as statistics from sociological surveys show, the most common reasons for refusing to use contraceptive methods are trivial:

• Ordinary laziness. A woman does not want to look for suitable methods to prevent unwanted pregnancy. However, hoping “maybe” will sooner or later lead a woman to an unwanted pregnancy. If you don’t want to spend a long time selecting contraceptive methods, the IUD is exactly what you need. In order to use a contraceptive method such as the IUD, you will only have to spend a few hours visiting a gynecologist once, after which you can forget about the problem of contraception for several years. This is the best method of contraception for those women who do not want to monitor their menstrual cycle or take pills.
• Ignorance of the operating principle of most methods of preventing unwanted pregnancy. Unfortunately, the harm of contraceptives is greatly exaggerated in the minds of many women. Often, entire legends develop around methods of birth control, passed from one woman to another, each time acquiring more and more terrifying details about the dangers of contraceptives. If a woman fears for her health, she needs to see a gynecologist who will help her choose the safest method of contraception, taking into account her particular health characteristics and needs.
• Hope for a rhythmic method of contraception. Many women use rhythmic methods of contraception. However, they do not take into account that in order to successfully use the calendar method of contraception, a woman’s menstrual cycle must be very, very stable. This method is far from the safest method of contraception.
• Women are afraid to use contraceptive methods when breastfeeding. Many mothers believe that this can cause serious harm to the baby’s health. However, in reality this is not the case. The use of contraceptives while breastfeeding is absolutely safe and cannot in any way harm the health of the baby. If a woman is still very afraid, she can always choose non-hormonal contraceptives. What they are will be discussed below.

A lot has been said about the dangers of abortions that women have to undergo due to neglect of modern methods of contraception. Therefore, this article will not focus on this issue. It talks about what modern methods of contraception exist, and also gives a classification of contraceptive methods.

Natural methods of contraception

The physiological method of contraception is one of the favorites of many women, despite its imperfections. There are two types of physiological contraception:

• Temperature method of contraception.
• Calendar method of contraception.

The female body is designed in such a way that a woman can become pregnant not every day, but strictly on certain days of her menstrual cycle. Pregnancy can only occur during ovulation. Ovulation is the process of release of a mature egg from the ovaries.

Any biological method of contraception is based precisely on this feature of the female body. And that is why, for protection with biological methods of contraception, it is very important that a woman has a stable menstrual cycle.

A natural method of contraception, called calendar, allows you to determine the time of ovulation by counting and scheduling days favorable for conception. In order to do this, a woman must know some features of the conception process.

Fertilization of the egg is possible only within one day from the moment it leaves the ovary. The sperm retains the ability to fertilize the egg within three days from the moment of penetration into the vagina. Natural methods of contraception, including calendar methods, are based on this feature.

First, a woman needs to determine the duration of her menstrual cycle. For the first day of the cycle, you need to take the first day of menstruation. Subtract 18 days from the resulting duration - you will get the first day favorable for conception. After this, subtract 11 from the first day of the menstrual cycle - you get the last “dangerous” day. Remember that the reliability of such a biological method of contraception is only possible in the case of a stable cycle for at least a year.

The temperature method of contraception is a more reliable contraceptive, as it is based on constant accurate measurement of basal body temperature. The main places where this temperature is measured are the oral cavity, vagina, and rectum.

In the evening, prepare a notebook, pen and thermometer. It is preferable to use ordinary mercury, since its readings are more accurate, and accuracy is very important for an effective method of contraception. Immediately after waking up, without getting up in bed, measure the temperature in the rectum for 10 minutes. Try to take your temperature at the same time. After this, immediately write down the readings in a notebook; do not rely on your memory.

The temperature must be measured for at least a month. After this, the woman needs to make a schedule, noting calendar dates vertically and basal temperature horizontally. After this, connect the dots. The result will be a chart of your menstrual cycle.

Immediately after the ovulation process has occurred, the basal temperature rises sharply, amounting to approximately 37.3 degrees Celsius. The most favorable days for conception are the times within 4 days before and after the temperature rises.

This method is difficult to classify as the best method of contraception, since it is not reliable enough, but its adherents talk about some of its advantages over traditional methods of contraception. For the sake of objectivity, these advantages are listed below:

• There is no need to introduce foreign substances into the body, as, for example, when using barrier methods of contraception.
• Unlike pills to prevent unwanted pregnancy, such methods fall into the category of safe contraceptives.
• Also, religious women prefer to use these methods, since these are the only church-approved ways to prevent unwanted pregnancy.
• Such methods are non-hormonal methods of contraception.

These methods have only one drawback, but a very significant one - although they are safe contraceptives, they are very unreliable.

Birth control pills

Contraceptive methods for women nowadays are quite wide. Including contraceptives - pills. The pill is a fairly reliable contraceptive that protects against pregnancy in approximately 98% of cases. Such a high degree of protection is achieved thanks to the artificially synthesized sex hormones included in the tablets.

Oral contraceptives inhibit the ovulation process and also change the normal structure of the uterine mucosa, thereby eliminating the possibility of embryo implantation even if fertilization does occur. Thus, pills to prevent unwanted pregnancy provide a multi-level level of protection. This is why the pill is considered the most reliable method of contraception.

Some women worry about whether pregnancy is possible after taking contraceptives, especially hormonal drugs. Such fears are absolutely groundless; absolutely all changes occurring in the female body are completely reversible and disappear after the woman stops taking oral contraceptives. In addition, contraceptives such as pills have a very “pleasant” side effect - almost all women note a significant improvement in the condition of their skin, nails and hair.

In some cases, gynecologists prescribe hormonal contraceptives for women for therapeutic purposes, for correction. Remember that independent choice of hormonal contraceptives is unacceptable for women. Only a gynecologist should prescribe hormonal contraceptives for women. After all, it is possible to select truly effective methods of contraception only by taking into account all the individual characteristics of the female body.

Doctors highlight several advantages of hormonal contraceptives for women:

• Stabilization of the menstrual cycle in those women for whom it was irregular.
• Also, hormonal methods of female contraception almost completely eliminate premenstrual syndrome and unpleasant physical sensations during menstruation.
• Hormonal methods of contraception for women protect a woman from such a common disease as iron deficiency anemia.
• Women who use hormonal methods of female contraception have a 60% reduced risk of developing all kinds of inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system.
• In addition, the risk of developing all kinds of tumor diseases is significantly reduced. Moreover, a pronounced therapeutic effect is noted. For example, in those women who used hormonal contraceptives for fibroids, doctors noted a significant improvement in the condition, and even a complete cure.
• The risk of developing osteoporosis in those women who use hormonal female contraceptives is reduced significantly, which is also important. Unfortunately, a good half of all women experience osteoporosis. This is also worth paying attention to when choosing contraceptives after 35 years.
• Remarkable prevention of the occurrence in the future of such a formidable complication as an ectopic pregnancy.
• The use of female hormonal contraceptives significantly improves the condition of the skin and treats a large number of skin diseases associated with hormonal disorders.

However, while listing the numerous advantages, it is also worth mentioning the negative aspects that this most effective method of contraception has:

• Women who prefer this method of preventing unwanted pregnancy may experience periodic increases in blood pressure. However, such a side effect is very rare, in no more than 5% of cases and, as a rule, in women who suffer from hypertension.
• Modern hormonal-based contraceptives can cause attacks of cholelithiasis in those women who suffer from it.
• When choosing pills - the most effective contraceptives - you must take into account that in the first months they can cause menstrual irregularities. These disorders can manifest themselves in the form of spotting or, on the contrary, a complete absence of menstrual bleeding. You should not be afraid of this phenomenon, since it is temporary and disappears on its own, two to three months after starting to take the drug. In the same case, if this does not happen, which is extremely rare, the woman needs to consult a doctor who will help you choose another, more optimal drug. After all, the effectiveness of contraceptive methods is ensured precisely through individual selection.
• The main argument against hormonal drugs put forward by women who prefer non-hormonal methods of contraception is gaining excess body weight. In fact, the concentration of hormones in modern contraceptives is so low that it cannot in any way affect body weight. And weight gain occurs due to an improperly balanced diet and insufficient physical activity.
• Some drugs can cause quite unpleasant sensations in the mammary glands, reminiscent of the sensations during pregnancy: the breasts may become full and even ache. As a rule, such sensations disappear a few months after starting to take the drug.
• In very rare cases, severe headaches of a paroxysmal nature may occur. If headaches occur more often than twice a week, the woman should immediately stop taking the medications and consult a doctor.
• Women using hormonal contraceptives after 40 years of age often complain of occasional feelings of nausea, which almost never progress to vomiting. Doctors explain this by age-related hormonal changes in the woman’s body.
• Some women complain that after starting to take the pills they experience emotional instability. However, doctors deny any connection with contraceptives.
• Quite often, in the first few months, a woman may notice a change in sexual desire. In some women it increases; this is partly facilitated by the fact that the woman stops being afraid of an unwanted pregnancy. Other women, on the contrary, complain of decreased sexual desire. However, this is also a temporary phenomenon, and a woman should not worry about this.
• In rare cases, when taking hormonal drugs, age spots may appear, especially on those areas of the skin that are exposed to direct sunlight. If such a complication occurs, the woman should notify her doctor. As a rule, after a couple of months the problem goes away on its own.

Barrier contraception

New methods of contraception provide women with a wide range of choices. If a woman does not want, for some reason, to take birth control pills, she can choose topical contraceptives. The principle by which vaginal contraceptives work is very simple: they use chemicals that are inserted into a woman's vagina. When sperm enters, these chemicals, called spermicides, instantly destroy them. In addition, spermicides create a thin protective film on the vaginal mucosa, and thickening of cervical secretions also occurs. Thus, an additional barrier for sperm appears.

There are two chemicals used in vaginal contraceptives: benzalkonium chloride and nonoxynol. It is on their basis that a local contraceptive, beloved by many women, called “Pharmatex”, was created. Another very important advantage that such contraceptives have when breastfeeding is complete safety for the baby, since the active ingredients do not pass into breast milk. The following describes the main types of contraceptives in this group.

Contraceptin belongs to the group of “chemical contraceptives”; it disinfects, has an antibacterial effect and kills sperm. This is the best contraceptive for those women whose sex life is irregular. This remedy does not require systematic use; it is enough to insert vaginal suppositories into the vagina once, immediately before sexual intercourse.

Nonoxylol also belongs to the group of “chemical contraceptives”. It also has a pronounced spermicidal effect, leading to immobilization and death of sperm. In addition, this drug has a pronounced antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal effect, which ensures a fairly high level of protection against many sexually transmitted diseases. Patentex Oval has exactly the same effect. The form in which these contraceptives are produced is suppositories.

Gramicidin paste continues the list of contraceptives. The active ingredient in this chemical contraceptive is the antibiotic gramicidin. It is a powerful bactericidal and contraceptive agent. In addition, its use is often recommended for those women who suffer from inflammatory diseases of the cervix or vagina.

Chemical methods of contraception also offer such an effective remedy as Traceptin. This is a very effective remedy that has a contraceptive effect. Available in the form of tablets that must be inserted into the vagina immediately before sexual intercourse. However, such a chemical method of contraception can cause side effects such as severe burning in the vagina. If you are faced with such a problem, you should turn your attention to other local contraceptives.

The latest methods of contraception offer women a remedy such as Pharmatex. It is a contraceptive drug and reliably protects against unwanted pregnancy. In terms of its effectiveness, it can be placed on a par with such contraceptives as suppositories, IUDs and tablets. The risk of pregnancy is no more than 1%. In addition, this chemical means of preventing pregnancy has a high ability to protect a woman from many sexually transmitted diseases. It has an inhibitory effect on pathogenic flora such as candida, chlamydia, herpes, gonococci and chlamydia.

This remedy is one of the optimal methods of contraception during breastfeeding, also for those women who are contraindicated for intrauterine contraceptives - the spiral. Pharmatex does not have any contraindications or side effects and can be safely used even as a contraceptive after 40 years.

Pharmatex is available in several forms:

• Vaginal balls. They are inserted 3 minutes before sexual intercourse, deep into the vagina.
• The second form is cream. The cream must also be injected deep into the vagina immediately before sexual intercourse.
• Tampons. Inserted into the vagina before sexual intercourse, the protective effect lasts 24 hours, whereas similar contraceptives are one-time use. And before each new sexual intercourse, a new dose of the drug must be administered.

If you use candle contraceptive methods, make sure that they are at hand at the right time, so that you don’t start frantically rushing around in search of the treasured box.

Some women prefer rather exotic contraceptives, the patch, for example. The patch is glued to the woman’s skin for a certain period of time, during which protection against unwanted pregnancy occurs. What is the basis of the action of such a contraceptive as a patch? Under its influence, the level of hormones in the female body changes, which, in fact, has a contraceptive effect. It is worth keeping in mind that this method is quite young, so the effectiveness of this method of contraception is not yet reliably known.

When listing barrier contraceptives, the ring also cannot be ignored. In fact, the idea that the ring is a non-hormonal contraceptive is wrong. The principle of its action is the same as that of tablets. However, its advantage is that a woman does not need to constantly monitor timely consumption. A contraceptive such as a ring is enough to be placed in the vagina once - and for three weeks you can forget about the issue of contraception. The hormones contained in the vaginal ring penetrate into the blood and provide protection against pregnancy.

Due to the action of hormones, the uterine mucosa changes - it thickens and loses its ability to implant a fertilized egg. This remedy reliably protects against unwanted pregnancy in 97% of cases, but do not forget that it does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. That is why its use is justified only if you have a regular sexual partner.

Spiral

Very often, in response to her question about which contraceptives are best, a woman hears about the IUD. An IUD is an intrauterine device. Is this really the most reliable method of contraception? In order to understand this, you need to know by what principle protection against unwanted pregnancy occurs.

An intrauterine device is a special flexible device designed for insertion into the uterine cavity for a long time, and provides protection against unwanted pregnancy. There are two types of IUDs:

• Non-drug spiral.
• Medication. Such a spiral may contain substances such as copper, silver, gold, progesterone and other drugs.

The shape of the intrauterine device can also be very diverse: in the form of a ring, and in the form of a spiral, in other modifications. Plastic is most often used as a material for the manufacture of intrauterine devices. The spiral combines the advantages of barrier and hormonal methods of contraception.

Protection against pregnancy occurs due to the fact that the spiral:

• Causes thickening of the mucus of the cervical canal of the uterus.
• Significantly reduces the speed of movement of the egg into the uterine cavity.
• Reduces the ability of sperm to penetrate the uterine cavity.
• Causes changes in the structure of the uterine mucosa.

The intrauterine device is currently the most effective method of contraception; it provides 99% guarantee of protection against unwanted pregnancy. In addition, if you compare contraceptives for breastfeeding women, the comparison will be in favor of the IUD. It is completely safe for the baby, since even when using a medicated spiral, not a drop of the drug will penetrate into breast milk.

A woman can have an IUD inserted at any time convenient for her, regardless of the day of her menstrual cycle, which allows the woman to choose the day that is convenient for her to go to the doctor. In addition, if you choose contraception after childbirth, the IUD is the best option for you, since it can be inserted immediately after childbirth, as well as after an uncomplicated abortion.

The intrauterine device is the best contraceptive for women who want to achieve long-term and effective protection against pregnancy. However, when choosing contraceptives for girls, you need to know that the use of the IUD in nulliparous women is not recommended.

It is not recommended to leave the device in the uterine cavity longer than indicated in the instructions. Also, in no case is it permissible to independently remove the spiral. To summarize, I would like to once again draw attention to some facts:

• A contraceptive such as the IUD can be used as a method of contraception after childbirth. Make sure to purchase the IUD in advance and notify your doctor of your desire.
• The intrauterine device is an absolutely safe contraceptive for breastfeeding women, since the device does not cause any harm to the baby.
• Those women who are contraindicated in using hormonal contraceptives after 35 years of age can use the IUD without fear of worsening their health.
• I would like to draw the attention of women to the fact that the intrauterine device does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. That is why the use of a spiral is justified only if a woman has a regular sexual partner.

Contraception for men

Very often, girls are interested in what contraceptives exist for men, and do they exist at all? Despite their limited choice, contraceptive methods for men still exist. All currently existing male contraceptives are described below.

Coitus interruptus is one of the most favorite methods of contraception for men. The essence of this method is as follows: the penis is removed from the woman’s vagina before ejaculation occurs. However, the reliability of this method of male contraception is very low.

Very often, at the very beginning of sexual intercourse, a small amount of sperm is released, but quite sufficient to fertilize the egg. As statistics show, every third sexual intercourse using interruption as a male contraceptive leads to an unwanted pregnancy. Also, with constant use of interrupted sexual intercourse, a significant decrease in male potency is possible.

When talking about what male methods of contraception there are, the condom also cannot be ignored. As everyone knows, a condom is a latex elastic sheath that is placed on the erect penis. The method of contraception using a condom has several clear advantages over other male methods.

A condom prevents sperm from entering the vagina, thereby completely eliminating the risk of unwanted pregnancy. Direct contact between the penis and vagina is also eliminated, thereby eliminating the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, a condom is a one-time use contraceptive, ideal for those men and women whose sex life is irregular. In addition, it can be used by those married couples for whom other methods of contraception after childbirth are not suitable for some reason.

The use of condoms has no contraindications and does not require large financial costs. However, it also has a disadvantage - the condom may break. In this case, the woman will be forced to pay attention to.

There are also less common methods of male contraception, such as sterilization and hormonal drugs. Since birth control pills for men are still in the testing stage, they will not be discussed in this article, but read on to find out what sterilization is.

Male sterilization is called a vasectomy. Its principle lies in the intersection of the vas deferens. The operation is performed under local anesthesia and lasts about 10 minutes. About a month after the procedure, the man completely loses the ability to have children. However, this process is completely reversible if a man wants to have children in the future.

This procedure has absolutely no negative impact on the man’s health: his normal hormonal levels do not change, and sexual desire and potency do not decrease.

Today, this is a complete list of known contraceptives for men.

Emergency contraception methods

Unfortunately, unforeseen situations periodically arise in life and unprotected sexual intercourse occurs. In order to prevent an unwanted pregnancy, there are methods of emergency contraception. I would also like to remind women that if they need emergency contraception, traditional methods will not help them.

There are certain post-intercourse contraceptives that prevent pregnancy even if the intercourse was unprotected. Contraception after sex comes in the form of pills containing large amounts of hormones.

Contraceptives after the act, according to the principle of their action and chemical composition, are divided into two types:

• Contraceptives after sex, the main active ingredient of which is levonorgestrel. The most well-known methods of emergency contraception belonging to this group are drugs such as Escapelle and Postinor. They belong to the group of hormonal drugs and can be purchased at the pharmacy without a prescription.
• Contraceptives after sexual intercourse, related to non-hormonal drugs, based on an active substance such as mifepristone. The most well-known post-coital contraceptive belonging to this group is Postinor. Non-hormonal drugs can be used as emergency contraception for adolescents.

The principle on which the emergency contraception method works is that the process of blocking ovulation occurs, which eliminates the possibility of fertilization. In the same case, if fertilization occurred earlier than the drug was taken, the drug eliminates the possibility of implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterine cavity.

Despite the fact that such products can help prevent an unwanted pregnancy, a woman should remember that these are disposable contraceptives that cannot be abused. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that this type of contraception does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases.

Teenage contraception

No matter how indignant older people may be about the moral laxity of modern society and the obscene, in their opinion, behavior of teenagers, teenage sex has been, is, and will be. And it is extremely unwise for adults to try to bury their heads in the sand - denying the existence of a problem will not go away. It makes much more sense to help children and tell them about contraceptive methods for teenagers. This will help avoid problems associated with sexually transmitted diseases and unplanned pregnancy.

The latest methods of contraception allow you to choose the most optimal method that will not have a negative impact on the growing body. In order to understand how to choose contraceptives, it is necessary to take into account some characteristics characteristic of teenage sexual intercourse.

• In most cases, sexual intercourse among adolescents is not regular, so using new planned methods of contraception is absolutely impractical.
• Unfortunately, during adolescence, casual sex very often occurs, which significantly increases the chances of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, contraceptives for adolescents face not only the task of eliminating unwanted pregnancy, but also protecting against sexually transmitted infections.
• Contraception methods for girls must be very reliable, since an abortion performed at such a young age can lead to serious consequences.

Taking into account all the above-mentioned features of the sexual life of adolescents, we can draw the following conclusion about how to choose contraceptives and what you should pay attention to if a teenager categorically refuses to go to the doctor:

• A contraceptive method for girls must be reliable in preventing sexually transmitted diseases. And also protect against unwanted pregnancy.
• Contraception for girls should not harm their health.
• In addition, a contraceptive method for adolescents should be affordable.

Condoms or non-hormonal birth control pills most ideally meet all of the above requirements. But their use is only possible if the girl has one permanent and reliable sexual partner

Traditional contraceptives

So, you have learned about what contraceptives are. However, before summing up, I would like to mention folk contraceptives.

Unfortunately, even in our time, many women rely on traditional methods of contraception. And they completely ignore effective traditional methods of contraception. There are various contraceptives at home:

• Douching the vagina with a powerful stream of water immediately after intercourse.
• Douching the vagina after sexual intercourse with water in which a certain amount of citric acid has been previously dissolved.
• Inserting a piece of lemon into the vagina before sexual intercourse.
• Inserting a piece of laundry soap into the vagina before sexual intercourse.

Supporters of traditional methods of contraception argue that a sharp change in the alkaline balance in the vagina leads to the death of sperm and eliminates the possibility of pregnancy. In fact, such folk contraceptives will lead to the occurrence of a disease such as cervical erosion. But preventing pregnancy using folk remedies is impossible.

This article describes all methods and methods of contraception. Any woman who takes a responsible approach to the issue of family planning can give preference to the most effective contraceptives that are suitable specifically for her. However, before making the final choice, it is still better to consult with your gynecologist, who knows about all your diseases and individual characteristics of the body. We sincerely wish that your test will become “striped” only when you really want it!

It is difficult to say how barbaric modern methods of contraception will be considered by our descendants, because the most progressive and safe contraceptives of two hundred years ago look today like an instrument of torture. It is known, for example, that in the Middle Ages women put iron caps on the cervix, lubricated it with a solution of mercury and lead, and inserted pessaries made of steel wire into it, which caused infection and bedsores of the reproductive organs. At different times and in different countries, contraceptives were continually prohibited either by the authorities or by the church, so devices such as a vaginal syringe or a vaginal douche periodically appeared on sale, which were used to cleanse the internal female organs.

Current contraceptives promote the principle of safety and guaranteed protection against unwanted pregnancy. Three types of contraceptives are justified and approved by official medicine: physiological, barrier and medicinal.

• Barrier. Prevents sperm from entering the uterus. The most famous barrier contraceptive is the condom (both male and female). Other barrier contraceptives are intrauterine devices, contraceptive sponges, cervical caps, and spermicides.
• Physiological. They suggest having sexual intercourse on certain days of the female cycle, when the risk of getting pregnant is minimal. Another method of physiological control is the PPA (coitus interruptus) method.
• Medication. They are presented in tablets, as well as vaginal rings and coils that release hormones that block the onset of ovulation.

When prescribing a woman a certain method of contraception, gynecologists often give her the opportunity to independently choose the appropriate method from a number of similar ones. But how can this be done if the same drug has dozens of analogues, identical in composition and mode of action? The rating of the best contraceptives takes into account the opinions of other women, the cost of the drugs, the correspondence between the expected effect and the real one, as well as the presence of additional benefits and side effects.

We remind you that the information provided below is not a purchase guide. Consultation required with a specialist!

There are contraindications. Consult your doctor.

The best birth control pills

It has long been proven that prolonged absence of pregnancy can disrupt a woman’s health, causing hormonal imbalance, as well as mental and organ diseases associated with it. The Frenchman Verne Boullot, a historian by profession, spoke about this back in the 19th century: “If a woman is not regularly pregnant, she will suffer from hysteria and from a whole category of somatic symptoms stimulating almost any kind of physical illness or mental condition.” At the same time, unwanted pregnancy and abortion can cause no less harm to a woman than a prolonged absence of pregnancy.

Millions of women around the world choose hormonal contraceptives as their preferred method of contraception. They do not affect sensations during sexual intercourse and are guaranteed to protect against unwanted pregnancy and the consequences of its absence. The action of hormonal contraceptives is based on the prevention of ovulation. Scientists have calculated that at the time of birth, a girl’s ovaries contain about 1 million follicles capable of becoming eggs, and by the age of 37 only 25,000 remain. Hormonal drugs do not allow the body to ovulate, so a woman’s ovarian reserve remains full. Meanwhile, hormonal pills have not only advantages, but also an impressive list of side effects, often life-threatening.

3 Lactinet

Allowed for breastfeeding women
Country: Hungary
Average price: 675 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

Lactinet contains the only active ingredient - desogestrel. Belongs to the category of mini-pills (drugs containing a minimal amount of hormones). Lactinet mini-pills are often prescribed to nursing women with an active menstrual cycle, as well as to those women for whom combined OCs are contraindicated. Lactinet is one of the few oral contraceptives prescribed to women who smoke, as well as women over 45 years of age.

Another feature of the Hungarian OC is that its protective effect against unwanted pregnancy is somewhat lower than that of modern COCs. For this reason, the drug is not recommended for use by women of active reproductive age (up to 30 years). Otherwise, it is a fairly effective contraceptive, with a smaller list of contraindications and side effects than modern pills.

Advantages:

• allowed during lactation;
• does not affect weight gain;
• Suitable for those who are intolerant to synthetic estrogens.

Flaws:

• provokes the occurrence of mastopathy;
• disrupts the menstrual cycle during use;
• causes depression;
• causes nausea at the beginning of the course.

2 Marvelon

Normalizes the menstrual cycle
Country: Netherlands
Average price: 1,425 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.9

Combined contraceptive drug from the Dutch company Organon. Approved for use by women over 35 years of age, as it contains a reduced amount of active ingredients. In addition to the contraceptive effect, it normalizes the volume of discharge and eliminates pain during menstruation. Can be used as emergency contraception, but not more than once every 6 months. The effectiveness of Marvelon as a post-coital remedy does not exceed 80%.

According to women who have taken Marvelon, the drug has a negative effect on the ability to get pregnant if used for many years, so it is recommended to take these tablets in courses. Given the increased risk of thrombosis, before taking the drug it is recommended to undergo examination by a hematologist, hepatologist and vascular surgeon.

Advantages:

• is inexpensive;
• normalizes the cycle;
• increases libido.

Flaws:

• causes acne;
• thickens the blood;
• increases appetite.

1 Jess

Best quality
Country: Germany
Average price: 922 rub.
Rating (2019): 5.0

Jess is a combined oral contraceptive from the German pharmaceutical company Bayer. The active ingredients are drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol. Used to protect against unwanted pregnancy, for severe forms of PMS, and also for the treatment of acne. The contraceptive effect of the pill is based on blocking ovulation and changing the quality of cervical mucus, which becomes too thick for sperm to move through.

Unlike other COCs with the same active ingredient, the Jess formula has been improved: it uses drospironene of the latest (4th) generation, and each tablet contains 1.5 times less ethinyl estradiol than other COCs. For this reason, Jess is less likely than other drugs to cause swelling, mastopathy and weight gain.

Advantages:

• eliminates menstrual pain;
• reliably protects against pregnancy;
• improves skin condition.

Flaws:

• the cycle takes a long time to recover after completing the Jess course;
• addictive;
• reduces libido;
• causes migraines.

The best contraceptive suppositories

Contraceptive suppositories belong to the category of spermicidal contraceptives. The principle of action of chemical spermicides is to destroy the sperm membrane: interacting with sperm, the components of the drug destroy their membrane, separate the head from the tail, depriving them of the ability to move. Particularly strong sperm, however, are still able to reach the egg and fertilize it. This may result in the birth of a child with certain physical deformities. This relationship has not been proven, but many women testify to it. It is not recommended to use such contraceptives regularly, because the acids contained in the suppositories can have a negative effect on the condition of the vaginal mucosa, as well as on the cervix. Suppositories do not have the highest contraceptive ability. According to statistics, 15 out of 100 women who use contraceptive suppositories become pregnant within a year.

Thus, contraceptive suppositories are a convenient birth control option for women who rarely have sex. Suppositories are ideal as an additional contraceptive - when the pill regimen has been disrupted or during the completion of lactation. The undoubted advantages of this method of contraception are the absence of systemic effects on the body and the preservation of intimate sensations.

3 Gynekotex

Does not cause a burning sensation
Country Russia
Average price: 140 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

Ginekotex suppositories use the same active ingredient as Pharmatex suppositories - benzalkonium chloride, so these products are similar. The fundamental difference between Ginekotex and Pharmatex is the cost: Russian suppositories are about 3 times cheaper than German ones. Some women note that these suppositories dissolve slightly less well in the vagina and produce more foam.

Advantages:

• are inexpensive;
• do not cause burning;
• protect against infections.

Flaws:

• take a long time to dissolve.

2 Patentex Oval

The most popular remedy
Country: Germany
Average price: 370 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.9

The main active ingredient in Pantex Oval is nonoxynol. Included in many contraceptives as a lubricant: thanks to its spermicidal properties, it enhances the contraceptive effect of cervical caps, condoms, sponges and vaginal films. When interacting with a sperm, it damages its membrane, thereby depriving it of the ability to dissolve the egg membrane. The time required for sperm destruction is 40 seconds (10 times longer than Pharmatex). The drug does not have bactericidal or antiviral properties, so it cannot be used as protection against STIs. There are studies showing that nonoxynol contributes to the incidence of certain types of human papillomavirus in humans.

Advantages:

• effective;
• dissolve quickly;
• have an exciting effect.

Flaws:

• have an unpleasant odor;
• cause itching;
• foams excessively.

1 Pharmatex

Best action. Has antiviral properties
Country: France
Average price: 349 rub.
Rating (2019): 5.0

The main component of the drug is benzalkonium chloride. This drug has been used in medicine since 1935. It has not only a contraceptive effect, but also an antiviral (protects against infection by herpes simplex viruses), antifungal and antiprotozoal. The substance has an immediate effect on the sperm: its shell is completely destroyed within 10 seconds after contact with benzalkonium chloride. The rest of the drugs in this group require at least 30 seconds. Due to irritation of the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix, the drug is able to increase the volume of mucus released, which has an additional contraceptive effect.

Advantages:

• have a pleasant smell;
• dissolve in 5 minutes;
• protect against infections.

Flaws:

• cause irritation;
• do not open well;
• I provoke too much mucus.

The best intrauterine contraceptive devices

The intrauterine device is a contraceptive device that has been well known since the times of Ancient China. In the past, spirals were made of aluminum wire and wood, and today they are made of hypoallergenic plastic impregnated with anti-inflammatory compounds. In terms of its action, the spiral is classified as a barrier, abortifacient and spermicide at the same time.

• Decreased fertility. The presence of an inflammatory process in the uterus promotes the production of proteins that inhibit the maturation of the egg. As a result, ovulation is inhibited and fertilization does not occur.
• Abortive effect. Located inside the uterus, the IUD negatively affects the endometrium, inhibiting its growth and ability to accept a fertilized egg. In fact, the IUD provokes miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy.
• Spermicidal effect. In response to the located spiral, superficial inflammation occurs inside the uterus. As a result of inflammation, the alkaline environment in the uterus is replaced by an acidic one, which is harmful to sperm and contributes to their destruction. To increase the acidity of the intrauterine space, copper is additionally used in the coils, which stimulates the secretion of acidic secretions.
• Barrier contraceptive effect. The inflammatory process causes irritation of the cervical canal, which, in turn, produces an increased amount of thick cervical mucus, which prevents sperm from penetrating into the uterus.

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a reliable and effective way to prevent unwanted pregnancy, which, however, is associated with the creation of a focus of chronic infection in the body.

3 Simurgh Bio-T Ag

Best price
Country: Belarus
Average price: 600 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

The intrauterine ring-shaped device Juno Bio-T Ag is one of the best non-hormonal contraceptives, which reduces the risk of unwanted pregnancy due to the fact that the intrauterine device takes the place of the fertilized egg, preventing its location. It has a classic T-shape, the base is an anchor made of high-density polyethylene. Recommended for women who have already given birth, but also suitable for nulliparous women. Made in diameter 18 mm for women who have not given birth and 24 mm for women who have given birth.

According to reviews, it is the best means of contraception for family planning and for married couples who already have children. Installed for 5-7 years.

Advantages :

• affordable price ;
• long validity period ;
• reliability .

Flaws :

• access of external infections to the uterus;
• the need for tests before installation;
• taking medications to prevent infections.

2 Juno Juno T Au

Long service life
Country: Belarus
Average price: 3,500 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.9

The Juno T Au intrauterine device is a means of intrauterine contraception that can reduce the likelihood of unwanted conception. The spiral is made of pure copper and gold, which makes it durable. It is T-shaped and is based on a plastic anchor. Recommended for women who need long-term protection against unwanted pregnancies. Contraindicated in pregnancy and malignant diseases of the genital organs. Valid for a period of at least seven years.

According to many women, the main advantages of this type of contraception are its affordable price and long period of use.

Advantages:

• long service life;
• pure composition;
• does not cause discomfort during sexual intercourse.

Flaws:

• risk of infection entering the uterine cavity;
• increase in the menstrual cycle;
• bleeding.

1 Mirena

High quality. Efficiency
Country: Finland
Average price: 13,220 rub.
Rating (2019): 5.0

Mirena belongs to the category of hormone-containing spirals, therefore the principle of its action is similar to that of hormonal tablets. The fundamental difference is only in the method of delivering hormones to the body. True, according to some women, the hormonal IUD, unlike OK, does not cause increased appetite, does not provoke swelling and does not cause irritation of the digestive organs. Like Multiload, Mirena is installed for 5 years.

Advantages:

• normalizes hormonal levels;
• reliably protects against pregnancy.

Flaws:

• requires large one-time expenses;
• causes back pain;
• contraindicated in the presence of benign tumors.

The best barrier contraceptives

Barrier contraception is the oldest, cheapest, most universal and widespread method of contraception. A typical representative of this category is a condom. Less known are contraceptive sponges and rings, cervical caps, vaginal films and diaphragms, as well as chemical barrier agents (suppositories, aerosols, gels). There are practically no contraindications to the use of these drugs, so they are ideal for those who are intolerant to OCs or IUDs. Some barrier contraceptives can prevent premature ejaculation in men and protect against STIs and allergic reactions to ejaculate in women. The main disadvantage of barrier products is that they only act at the moment of their use. Our rating includes the best barrier contraceptives.

3 Durex Classic

The most popular remedy
Country: UK
Average price: 437 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

The condom is the most common method of barrier contraception. Barrier contraceptives prevent the egg and sperm from meeting. The condom is made in the form of a small thin-walled elastic tube with one closed end and an inlet at the other. Condoms are suitable for almost all women, unless they are allergic to latex. They do not affect hormonal levels at all and, at the moment, are the only method of contraception that protects against STDs.

Many women still prefer this non-hormonal method of birth control because of its almost 100% reliability and ease of use.

Advantages:

• protect against STDs;
• do not change hormonal levels;
• Suitable for daily protection.

Flaws:

• high price;
• loss of sensations;
• there is a risk of damage to the latex shell.

2 Pharmatex contraceptive sponges

Ease of use. Long lasting
Country: France
Average price: 65 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.9

Contraceptive sponges have been used by women as a barrier method for many centuries: in ancient times they were sea sponges soaked in oils, and today they are polyurethane foam soaked in chemical spermicidal compounds. Pharmatex sponges use benzalkonium chloride as a spermicide. Unlike contraceptive suppositories, the sponge has not only a spermicidal effect, but also a mechanical one - it physically prevents the penetration of sperm into the cervix. Having installed the sponge, partners can immediately begin PA, and in the event of repeated sexual intercourse, they will not need to insert a new sponge into the vagina, since it retains its effect throughout the day.

Advantages:

• does not leak;
• convenient to insert;
• long lasting;
• has a pleasant smell.

Flaws:

• inconvenient to remove;
• difficult to find in pharmacies.

1 Nuvaring contraceptive ring

The best hormonal background
Country: Netherlands
Average price: 1,050 rub.
Rating (2019): 5.0

Nuvaring is one of the methods of hormonal contraception, which, however, uses a fundamentally different method of administering hormones - vaginal. Thanks to this, the hormone does not pass through the liver and gastrointestinal tract, and therefore does not have a negative effect on them. The ring releases the minimum required amount of hormone throughout the day, which eliminates hormonal surges during the day (as is the case with oral contraceptives) and creates an even hormonal background. Another advantage of the product is the confidentiality of its use: the ring is easy to install yourself, it is not felt during sexual intercourse and does not require removal after. Duration of action - 3 weeks. After 21 days, the ring is removed, and after 7 days it is installed again.

Advantages:

• installed once a month;
• does not cause nausea;
• has less pronounced side effects compared to OK.

Flaws:

• sometimes falls out when straining;
• causes headaches;
• provokes the development of vaginitis;
• allergic;
• increases appetite.

The best emergency contraceptives

Emergency contraception is used if it is necessary to terminate an unwanted pregnancy resulting from unprotected sexual intercourse. Pills or intrauterine devices are used. The drugs do not allow pregnancy to occur due to the fact that they delay ovulation. However, this applies to a pregnancy that has not yet occurred for up to 72 hours after sexual intercourse when using tablets and 120 hours after sexual intercourse if an intrauterine device is used. If you do not take emergency contraception before 72 hours, then they will no longer be able to harm a possible pregnancy. Also, one should not think that with age the risk of unwanted pregnancy from unprotected sexual intercourse decreases. According to statistics, women in the age category of 30-40 years are quite fertile and are also included in this risk group. The main and serious disadvantage of emergency contraceptives is that they cause serious stress to the body and harm to women's health.

3 Escapelle

Safe for the body
Country: Hungary
Average price: 360 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

Escapelle is a contraceptive used for emergency contraception, similar in action to Postinor. The main active ingredient is levonorgestrel. Escapelle is a better and less harmful contraceptive. Made in the form of flat large white tablets. Contraindicated for pregnant women, teenagers under 16, smoking women over 30-40 years old and people with kidney failure. The advantage of Escapel is the high probability of preventing unwanted pregnancy, and with less loss to the body.

According to reviews from most women, Escapel is preferred due to its softer and more gentle action, despite the high price.

Advantages:

• high efficiency;
• taken once;
• causes less damage to the body.

Flaws:

• high price;
• side effects;
• disruption of the menstrual cycle.

2 Postinor

High guarantee of results
Country: Hungary
Average price: 328 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.9

Postinor is one of the methods of emergency contraception. The contraceptive is administered in the form of tablets containing the active ingredient levonorgestrel. It prevents pregnancy by delaying the maturation of the egg or preventing ovulation. Contraindicated in adolescents under 16 years of age and with liver problems. The main advantage of Postinor is that it provides a high guarantee of preventing unwanted pregnancy, but it cannot be taken more than 2 times a year.

According to women's reviews, Postinor is an effective, but dangerous contraceptive that must be taken after weighing the pros and cons.

Advantages:

• there are no consequences in the form of hormonal imbalances;
• guarantee up to 95%;
• 72 hours to prevent unwanted pregnancy.

Flaws:

• cannot be used with other contraceptives or alcohol;
• cannot be used more than once every six months;
• may cause cycle failure and bleeding.

1 Gynepristone

Better efficiency
Country Russia
Average price: 547 rub.
Rating (2019): 5.0

Gynepristone is an emergency contraceptive. It is not a hormonal contraceptive, and therefore less harmful to the body. Gynepristone blocks the connection between hormones and receptors, thereby preventing pregnancy, but it does not suppress the action of progesterone, as other contraceptives do. This is its main advantage against the background of harmful hormonal emergency contraceptives. Contraindicated for women over 30-40 years old, with kidney problems and uterine fibroids.

Most women speak very positively about it and consider it the best choice for those who care about their health.

Advantages:

• the most gentle in comparison with other contraceptives;
• effective;
• is not hormonal.

Flaws:

• high price;
• side effects;
• does not allow you to continue the pregnancy in case of failure.

Vaginal contraceptive pills belong to the group of spermicides, being a type of chemical method of contraception. This is an easy and affordable way to prevent unwanted pregnancy. The principle of action of vaginal tablets is the introduction of spermicides into the vagina, which have a local effect. Contraceptive pills for vaginal use are indicated for women who are not suitable for other, more effective means of contraception (hormonal drugs and IUDs).

To increase the contraceptive effect, experts recommend supplementing the use of vaginal contraceptive pills with the use of a condom.

Indications for the use of vaginal contraceptive pills.
Local vaginal contraceptive pills should be used before each act of sexual intercourse. The tablets do not reduce lactation or affect its quality, so they can be used by women after the birth of a child and during breastfeeding. The substances present in their composition do not disrupt the hormonal balance of a woman and the vaginal microflora. This contraception is ideal for women after an abortion, as well as for those whose intimate life is not regular. Vaginal tablets are indicated for use during menopause, in the second phase of menopause.

Pros of topical birth control pills.

• Low number of adverse reactions.
• Reduces the risk of contracting STDs.
• No need to use daily and monitor the time of use.
• Allowed to be used for female diseases, after childbirth and during breastfeeding.

• Low contraceptive effectiveness compared to hormonal contraceptives (75%), so it is advisable to combine their use with condoms.
• With daily use, vaginal dysbiosis develops, so it is suitable for women with irregular intimate life.
• In some cases, an allergic reaction with skin irritation may occur.
• The drug should be injected into the vulva fifteen minutes before intimacy.
• For some time before and after sexual intercourse, you should limit the use of water procedures and the use of intimate cosmetics.
• The need to plan sexual intercourse, which eliminates the possibility of unexpected sex.

Contraindications to the use of vaginal tablets.

• Diseases of the genitourinary system.
• Excessive sensitivity to the components of the drug.
• Inflammatory processes in the vulva.
• Cervical erosion.

Review of common vaginal pills.

Pharmatex.
The most popular non-hormonal vaginal contraceptive. The contraceptive is available in the form of vaginal creams, suppositories, tablets, and tampons. The basis of the drug is benzalkonium chloride, which is administered 10 minutes before intimacy. The contraceptive effect of the drug is 3 hours and is effective against some STDs, herpes virus, and fungi. Does not affect vaginal microflora.

Benatex.
The drug is produced in the form of non-hormonal vaginal gels and tablets. Contraindicated for colpitis, as well as irritation of the vaginal mucosa. It is recommended to administer the drug before intimacy, ten minutes before the start. The contraceptive effect lasts for three hours.

Gynecotex.
Local contraceptive tablets, the active substance is benzalkonium chloride. The drug has a strong antibacterial effect, use it five minutes before intimacy. The effect of the contraceptive drug lasts for four hours. To increase the contraceptive effect, the drug should be combined with the use of an IUD or vaginal diaphragm.

Traceptin.
Inject the tablets deep into the vulva ten minutes before sexual intercourse. Sometimes an allergic reaction may occur in the form of a burning sensation in the vagina.

To make intimate life enjoyable, it is advisable to select vaginal contraceptives on an individual basis with a gynecologist.

According to international studies, 19% of Russian women have had an abortion. Almost half of them - repeatedly. At the same time, according to surveys, only 1% of women in the age group 16-49 years old admit that they could have an abortion in the next three years. 54% believe that they would never choose this method. Moreover, there are now emergency contraceptives that can safely prevent unplanned pregnancy when used in the first 72 hours after sexual intercourse. More than half of women surveyed (57%) would rather take the “morning after pill” than have an abortion.

Modern women use all reproductive planning measures. At the same time, many couples (17%) still resort to outdated methods of birth control - the calendar method and coitus interruptus - which lead to pregnancy in 25 and 27% of cases, respectively.

True, even if various methods of contraception are used, no one is immune from failure. For example, 35% of women found themselves in a situation where a condom broke or slipped off. But even in emergency situations, it is not necessary to think about abortion as the only method of solving the problem.

The need for emergency contraception

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are intended to prevent pregnancy after unprotected or insufficiently protected sexual intercourse. That's why they are sometimes called "morning after pills."

Especially for emergency contraception, the following are used:

• Levonorgestrel. Dose 1.5 mg or 0.75 mg (in this case, take twice with an interval of 12 hours).
• Ulipristal acetate. Dose 30 mg.
• Mifepristone. Dose 10-25 mg.

The tablets should be taken within 5 days after sexual intercourse. Taking levonorgestrel reduces the possibility of pregnancy by 60-90% (in the case of one unprotected sexual intercourse). Ulipristal and mifepristone are more effective than levonorgestrel.

To take ECP you do not need to undergo an examination or undergo laboratory tests.

Emergency contraceptive pills are indicated for use when:

• no other contraceptive was used;
• the contraceptive was used incorrectly;
• the contraceptive was used correctly, but it immediately became clear that it did not provide the desired effect.

Here are the most common situations in which ECPs may be needed for a woman using standard contraceptive methods.

Oral contraceptives, contraceptive patch, vaginal ring

• We started using this method at a later stage than required by the instructions.
• During the menstrual cycle, this method was not used correctly.
• We took medications that could reduce the effectiveness of the method.

Progestin-only injections

• I started using this method at a later stage of the menstrual cycle than the instructions require.
• The contraceptive protection provided by the injection expired before sexual intercourse.

Implants

• The contraceptive protection provided by the implant expired before sexual intercourse.

Intrauterine device or system

• The product was involuntarily removed.
• You don't feel the antennae.
• The contraceptive protection expired before sexual intercourse.

Condoms

• The condom has broken, slipped, or been used incorrectly.

Diaphragm or cap

• The product was dislodged or removed before or during sexual intercourse.
• The product was dislodged or removed after sexual intercourse earlier than required by the instructions.

Spermicide

• The spermicidal agent was not administered before sexual intercourse, as required by the instructions.
• The spermicidal tablet or film did not have time to dissolve before sexual intercourse began.

Contraceptive methods based on self-determination of the fertile period

• Were in the fertile period at the time of sexual intercourse.
• Unsure whether you were in your fertile period at the time of intercourse.

Coitus interruptus

• Ejaculation occurred in the vagina or external genitalia.

Contraindications and effects of ECPs on the body

Women who plan to use ECPs are concerned about a number of issues. Let's look at them in order.

1. Are there any contraindications?

The tablets are not dangerous under any known circumstances: even if there are health problems. ECPs are not prescribed to women who are already pregnant - they are no longer effective. However, if it is not clear whether there is a pregnancy or not, ECPs may be used as there are no examples of harm to the developing fetus.

But there are side effects - irregular vaginal bleeding, nausea, headache, abdominal pain, breast tenderness, dizziness and fatigue.

2. Effect on pregnancy

Studies of women who became pregnant while taking levonorgestrel or used it accidentally after pregnancy show that this hormonal drug does not harm either the pregnant woman or her fetus. In particular, it does not increase the likelihood of low birth weight, birth defects, or pregnancy complications. There have been only a few reports of pregnancy occurring after taking ulipristal, but no complications have been observed.

3. Use by teenagers

Clinical or programmatic considerations should not limit adolescent access to ECPs; they are safe regardless of age. Teenagers are able to understand instructions for using this method of contraception.

4. Use during lactation

If less than six months have passed since the birth, and the woman is only breastfeeding, if there has not yet been menstruation during the postpartum period, then ovulation is unlikely to occur. Then fuel and energy complexes are not needed. However, women who do not meet all three criteria may become pregnant. The use of levonorgestrel during lactation is not contraindicated.

5. Use before sexual intercourse

There is no data on how long the contraceptive effect of ECPs lasts after taking the pill. Supposedly, ECPs taken immediately before sexual intercourse are as effective as ECPs taken immediately afterward. However, if a woman has the opportunity to plan to use a method of contraception before sexual intercourse, then a method other than ECPs, such as condoms or another barrier method of contraception, is recommended.

6. Use after several unprotected sexual intercourses

Women should try to take ECPs as soon as possible after each unprotected sexual intercourse; It is not recommended to delay taking it until after the last sexual intercourse. However, a woman should not abstain from taking the drug simply because she has had several unprotected sexual acts. However, she should be aware that the effectiveness of ECP may be limited if the earliest unprotected sexual intercourse occurred more than 4-5 days ago. She should limit herself to one dose of ECP at a time, regardless of the number of previous unprotected sexual acts.

7. Repeated use of tablets

ECPs are not intended for intentional reuse or use as a regular, systematic method of contraception. Women who do not want to become pregnant in the future are advised to start or continue using contraception on a consistent, long-term basis after taking ECPs. There are no specific data on the effectiveness or safety of frequent use of current ECPs. However, at least 10 studies have confirmed that taking multiple doses of 0.75 mg levonorgestrel per cycle does not cause serious negative side effects. It is unknown whether the effectiveness of levonorgestrel is reduced by recent or subsequent use of ulipristal, which is a progesterone receptor modulator. Therefore, if a woman who has recently taken levonorgestrel needs emergency contraception again, it is better for her to use the same drug.

8. Use of ECPs during the infertile period

Studies have shown that fertilization as a result of sexual intercourse can only occur in the interval of 5-7 days before, after or during. Theoretically, ECPs might not be needed if unprotected intercourse occurs at other times in the cycle, since the likelihood of pregnancy even without ECPs would be zero. However, in practice it is often impossible to determine whether sexual intercourse occurred on a fertile or infertile day of the cycle. Therefore, women should not refrain from using ECPs because of the assumption that a particular sexual act occurred during a nonfertile period.

9. Interaction with other drugs

There are no specific data regarding the interaction of ECPs with other drugs. However, the effectiveness of levonorgestrel may be reduced due to the use of medications that may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

Women who are using bosentan and medications to treat stomach acid or stomach ulcers (such as omeprazole) or have taken them in the past month should consider having a copper-containing IUD inserted. If they choose levonorgestrel ECP, they should take a double dose. It is better not to use Ulipristal in these cases. Since it is a progesterone receptor modulator, it could theoretically reduce the effectiveness of other hormonal contraceptives containing progestin hormones.

Contraception after taking ECPs

Transition to (resumption of use) regularly taken contraceptives after ECP use

ECPs do not provide contraception for subsequent sexual intercourse. Therefore, a woman should choose another method of contraception before resuming sexual activity. When should you do this?

Condoms or other barrier methods of contraception

Start using immediately before your next sexual intercourse.

Hormonal methods: oral contraceptives, contraceptive patch, vaginal ring, injections, implants, levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine hormonal system.

Start using immediately - that is, on the day you take ECP or the next day. Use the barrier method for 7 days after taking levonorgestrel or for 14 days after taking ulipristal.

Alternatively: start using after your next menstrual period, but use a barrier method in between.

By the way, before introducing implants or a hormonal intrauterine system, it makes sense to conduct a pregnancy test: this way you will rule out the presence of an existing pregnancy.

If a woman requests to have a copper-containing IUD installed, and more than 5 days have passed since the use of ECPs, then this will be done after the next menstruation begins.

Sterilization

This procedure should be undertaken after the onset of menstruation following the use of ECPs. Until the final completion of sterilization, the barrier method should be used.

Because it is difficult to determine the risk of pregnancy in each individual case, and because mistimed or unwanted pregnancy has serious consequences, a woman who wants to avoid pregnancy should consider taking ECPs after sexual intercourse during which contraceptive protection was not adequately provided.

Remember: If you don't get your period within 3 weeks of taking ECPs, you may be pregnant.

Based on materials from the Scientific Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakova