Pondweed (plant) – description, beneficial properties, application. Pondweed (plant) - description, beneficial properties, application Contraindications for use

A; m. An aquatic herbaceous plant with a long stem and small floating leaves. * * * pondweed is a genus of perennial aquatic grasses of the pondweed family. About 100 species, all over the globe. Grows in stagnant or slowly flowing fresh or... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (Potamogeton), a genus of plants of the family. pondweed (Potamogetonaceae) of the order Naiadae. Perennial, b. including underwater grasses, sometimes the upper leaves float on the surface of the water. The flowers are small, bisexual, in spikes, usually located above the water; ... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary

RDEST, RDESTA, husband. (bot.). An aquatic plant with a very long stem and small oval or narrow leaves. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

RDEST, rdestnik husband. zhogla plant, Potamogeton; P. natans, water cabbage; P. pusillus, surfacing, kundurak. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dahl. 1863 1866 … Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

A genus of perennial aquatic grasses of the pondweed family. OK. 100 species, all over the globe. They grow in standing or slowly flowing fresh or brackish waters, sometimes forming extensive thickets. Many types of food for fish and other animals... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

M. An aquatic plant with a very long stem and small oval or narrow leaves, submerged in water up to the inflorescence or with leaves partially floating on the surface. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova

Generic name plants of the family reddesovyh. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910 ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Noun, number of synonyms: 5 flea grass (3) tormented grass (5) kidney grass (3) ... Synonym dictionary

Books

• New Russian Encyclopedia. In 12 volumes. Volume 13(2). Portuguese - Rdest, New Russian Encyclopedia (NRE) - a fundamental universal reference and information publication that presents readers with a picture of the world that reflects the current state of scientific knowledge.… Category: Encyclopedias, reference books Series: New Russian Encyclopedia in 12 volumes ("Encyclopedia", "INFRA-M") Publisher: Infra-M, Encyclopedia,
• New Russian Encyclopedia Volume 13 Part 2 Portuguese - Rdest, Danilov-Danilyan V. (ed.), New Russian Encyclopedia (NRE) is a fundamental universal reference and information publication that presents readers with a picture of the world that reflects the current state of scientific knowledge. ... Category:

Rdest. Perennial aquatic plant. It develops a long rhizome in the ground. It overwinters, and in the spring elongated shoots grow from the wintering buds. Individual shoots or parts thereof can break off and float freely in the water, continuing their development.

Pondweed feeds on aquatic mollusks, insects, and fish. Many fish spawn in the pondweed thickets. Dead shoots fall to the bottom. As they decompose, they turn into fertile silt.

Pondweeds are distinguished by an exceptional variety of leaf patterns - from oval to ribbon-shaped. At the base of the leaf protrude free or fused with the petiole transparent membranous stipules.

The plant blooms in the air, displaying spike-shaped inflorescences of marsh color above the water in July-August. Many species hide under the water surface of reservoirs.

Pondweed floating. This is the most noticeable type of plant due to its floating leaves. The leaves are shiny, like varnished, floating on the surface, oval in shape. Underwater leaves are not preserved by the time of flowering. When the reservoir dries up, it continues to live in a terrestrial form with leathery, heart-shaped leaves on the petioles. A typical plant of lakes, ponds, and rivers. Prefers slow flowing water. It has a greenish spike-shaped inflorescence rising above the water; blooms in June-August.

All pondweeds grow well in fertile, organic-rich soil. The preferred depth of immersion varies: if pondweeds with floating leaves can grow in very shallow water, then submerged ones need at least 20-30 cm to sit comfortably. Almost all can live in both standing and slow-moving water, but comb pondweed grows well in fast-flowing stream water. The cuttings are planted in a container with fertile soil or heated with a load at a suitable depth in a natural reservoir. They grow in both sun and partial shade.

They limit the spread, but it is almost impossible to destroy established pondweed. Pondweeds overwinter at the bottom of reservoirs and do not require shelter or other winter storage measures.

Propagated by cuttings in spring and summer, cuttings of rhizomes, as well as seeds. Seeds are collected at the end of August, when they separate from the plant and float on the surface of the water. The seeds are rolled into lumps of clay and lowered in the right places into the pond on muddy soil to a depth of 40-90 cm (for comb and shiny pondweeds - to a depth of 1.5 m).

Different types of pondweed are used for different bodies of water, depending on their size.

Pondweed is valued mainly because of its leaves, which look beautiful both in the water column and on its surface. The elegant spike-shaped inflorescences also give the plant an original appearance. In addition, pondweed actively enriches the water with oxygen, is a refuge for various aquatic animals and fish, and is also an excellent food for waterfowl. Can be grown in both large and small bodies of water. It goes well with most aquatic and coastal plants.

Individual shoots or parts thereof can break off and float freely in the water, continuing their development. Pondweed feeds on aquatic mollusks, insects, and fish. Many fish spawn in the pondweed thickets. Dead shoots fall to the bottom. As they decompose, they turn into fertile silt.

Pondweeds present an exceptional variety of leaf patterns, from oval to ribbon-shaped. At the base of the leaf, free or fused with the petiole, transparent membranous stipules protrude. They bloom in the air, displaying spike-shaped inflorescences of marsh-colored unsightly flowers above the water in July - August. Many species are hidden under the water surface of Russian reservoirs.

Pondweed floating- Potamogeton natans The most noticeable pondweeds are with floating leaves. One is called that - r. floating (P. natans) with shiny, varnished, oval-shaped leaves floating on the surface. It does not retain underwater leaves at the time of flowering. When the reservoir dries up, it continues to live in a terrestrial form with leathery, heart-shaped leaves on the petioles. A common plant of lakes, ponds, and rivers. Prefers slow flowing water. The spike-shaped inflorescence is greenish, rises above the water, blooms in June-August. R. alpine(P. alpinus) with reddish floating leaves and a simple stem retains narrow submerged leaves up to 25 cm long, just in case. U R. cereal(P. gramineus) underwater leaves on a branched stem do not exceed 8 cm. Very variable appearance: when buried, it can completely lose floating leaves, and when the reservoir dries out, it takes on a terrestrial form with leathery leaves narrowed into petioles. Photo by EDSR.

Pondweeds with submerged leaves:

Location: All pondweeds grow well in fertile, organic-rich soil. The preferred immersion depth varies: if pondweeds with floating leaves can grow in very shallow water, then submerged ones need at least 20-30 cm to sit comfortably. Almost everyone can live in both standing and slowly flowing water, but the river. comb grows well in fast-flowing stream water. The cuttings are planted in a container with fertile soil or heated with a load at a suitable depth in a natural reservoir. They grow in both sun and partial shade.

Care: limit the spread, but it is almost impossible to remove established pondweed. Pondweeds overwinter at the bottom of reservoirs and do not require shelter or other winter storage measures.

Reproduction: cuttings in spring and summer, sections of rhizomes, as well as seeds. The seeds are collected at the end of the lice period, when they separate from the plant and float on the surface of the water. The seeds are rolled into lumps of clay and lowered in the right places into a pond on muddy soil, to a depth of 40-90 cm (for comb and shiny pondweeds - to a depth of 1.5 m).

Usage: for different bodies of water depending on size. Suitable for streams are r. brilliant, r. comb, r. pierced-leaved.

Pondweed is valued mainly because of its leaves, which look beautiful both in the depth and on the surface of the water. The elegant spike-shaped inflorescences also give the plant an original appearance. In addition, pondweed actively enriches the water with oxygen, is a refuge for various aquatic animals and fish, and is an excellent food for waterfowl. It can be grown in both large and small bodies of water and goes well with most aquatic and coastal plants.

Family: pondweed (Potamogetonaceae).

Motherland

Pondweed is a plant found throughout the world. Pondweeds live in standing or slowly flowing fresh or brackish water bodies.

Form: perennial aquatic plant.

Description

Pondweeds are perennial aquatic plants that quickly spread across the surface of the water, forming extensive thickets. The leaves of pondweed are alternate, petiolate or sessile, very diverse in shape and size - from oval to filiform; length from 4 to 20 cm. In addition, pondweed leaves can be located either on the surface of the water or submerged in water. The roots of the plants are deep, and individual parts of the pondweed can break off and float freely on the surface of the water, developing normally. Pondweed blooms in July-August; Spike-shaped inflorescences of a marsh color with numerous flowers do not represent much decorative value. Pondweeds provide food for aquatic life; dying parts of plants fall to the bottom, forming fertile silt. Plants also enrich the water with oxygen.

Floating pondweeds:

(P. natans). A species with shiny oval floating leaves. Floating pondweeds continue to live even when the reservoir dries out; Underwater leaves die off by the time of flowering. Floating pondweed prefers slow-moving water.

Alpine pondweed (P. alpinus). A species with floating reddish leaves; narrow, very long submerged leaves are retained on the plant.

Pondweed grass (P. gramineus). A very variable species of pondweed with floating leaves; underwater leaves are not too long and remain on the plant. At a sufficient depth of the reservoir, the underwater leaves die off, and when the reservoir dries out, the leaves become leathery.

Pondweeds with submerged leaves:

(P. lucens). A species with large, long, shiny, bright green, slightly corrugated leaves. The brilliant pondweed is completely submerged in water, only its inflorescences rise above the water during flowering. The brilliant pondweed prefers running water; in nature it is more often found in rivers.

Pondweed pierced-leaved (P. perfoliatus). A species with very long branched green stems. The leaves of pondweed are wide, round, heart-shaped at the base, with veins. The most common type of pondweed.

Curly pondweed (P. crispus). The leaves of curly pondweed are strongly corrugated, jagged along the edges, with veins; resemble seaweed. The stems of the plant are reddish. Curly pondweed is completely submerged in water, the inflorescences rise above the surface during flowering.

Pondweed comb (P. pectinatus). In appearance, comb pondweed is very different from other plant species - it has highly branched stems and thread-like (very narrow, thin) leaves. In nature, comb pondweed is found in shallow water.

Rdest Gaia (P. gayi). A plant with a narrow, thin stem and thread-like leaves. Pondweed Gaia is completely submerged in water, the inflorescences rise several centimeters above the surface of the water. Underwater, shoots of Gaia pondweed form dense thickets.

Pondweed oblate (P. compressus). It differs from comb pondweed in having flattened, wide stems.

Growing conditions

Pondweed grows in both sun and partial shade; in standing or slow-moving water. Plants prefer fertile soil. The depth of pondweed immersion in water varies: species with floating leaves can grow even in very shallow water, while those with submerged leaves can grow at a sufficient depth (from 30 cm to 1.5 m).

Application

Pondweeds are valued for their leaves of varying shapes and sizes; the plants are suitable for any country ponds (brilliant pondweed, comb pondweed, and pierced-leaved pondweed are suitable for streams). Pondweed goes well with most aquatic and coastal plants.

Care

Pondweeds are notable for the fact that they do not require any care: the plants are not capricious, they overwinter at the bottom of the reservoir and do not need any shelter. However, remember that pondweed grows quickly and is capable of covering large water surfaces, so their growth must be limited by thinning the thickets. In addition, if pondweed has taken root in a reservoir, it is almost impossible to remove it.

Reproduction

Pondweeds reproduce both by seeds and vegetatively (in spring and summer, by segments of rhizomes). Pondweed seeds are rolled into lumps of clay and lowered into the ground.

Diseases and pests

Pondweed is an aquatic plant species, found in fresh and slightly salted water bodies, its roots reach the bottom, and are distinguished by long shoots that grow on the surface of the water. In perennial pondweeds, the leaves are sessile, alternate, wide, elliptical, filamentous, narrow-linear. Some varieties of pondweed have entire, wide, ovate leaves, their edges are jagged and wavy.

Description of pondweed

Flowers gather in spikelets and can be seen on the water. The fruit of pondweed is a nut, a drupe. The stem of the plant is lanceolate, longitudinal and cord-shaped. Likes to grow in a body of water where the water is standing or flowing slowly. Not afraid of low air temperatures and shady places. Some plants are specially bred at home.

The plant contains a large amount of lime, so it is often used as a fertilizer. On the pondweed you can often see eggs laid by shellfish and fish. Muskrats, beavers, and birds like to eat some varieties. Please note that if a large amount of pondweed grows in a pond, this will cause it to become covered with silt and then become overgrown. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly cleanse ponds of plants.

Some plant species prefer to grow in shallow, flowing and standing waters. Pondweed can overwinter at the bottom of a pond; it does not need to be specially covered; it is normally preserved at low temperatures. Propagated in spring by cuttings in late spring, early summer. Also using root segments, by seed method. You need to collect the seeds when they have already completely separated from the plant, then mix them with clay and lower them into the desired reservoirs.

Types of pondweed

1. Floating, it is easy to recognize, it has a branched stem. Floating pondweed is completely submerged in water, the leaves are under water, they are short-petioled. The inflorescence is noticed above the water and may appear in early summer. In autumn, the leaves may turn yellow and completely collapse, while the stem at the bottom begins to take root, and the pondweed is degenerated.

2. The curly type has a tetrahedral, reddish stem, has alternate lanceolate sessile leaves, they can be wavy in shape, small denticles can be seen on the edges. A small number of flowers are collected in a spike; pollination occurs with the help of the wind; the plant can be seen above the water level.

3. Pierced-leaved pondweed is a rhizomatous type of plant, characterized by branched, long stems. It has rounded leaves, translucent in color, their edges are wavy. The flowers are collected in a dense spike. When the shoots break off, they begin to develop again in the water, and a new plant appears. The leaves are rich in carotene, lutein, and also contain a large amount of neoxanthin and violaxanthin. Dry leaves of pondweed are used in powder form; it can be used to heal wounds, skin rashes, and fungus.

4. Shiny pondweed has oval-shaped leaves with a shine. They are bright green and wavy. The plant is widespread in running water and is also found in reservoirs and rivers.

5. Comb pondweed has a thread-like and branched stem, the leaves are thin. Grows in lakes, ponds, rivers.

Useful properties of pondweed

The plant contains a large amount of carotenoids and tannin, so pondweed is an effective bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, and hemostatic agent. Due to the fact that the plant contains ascorbic acid, you can strengthen the immune system.

It has been proven that the herb will help, due to the fact that the plant contains flavonoids, pondweed is used to treat the pancreas, with its help you can normalize the level of enzymes in the body.

Application of pondweed

In ancient times, Arab doctors used the leaves to treat diseases of the stomach and intestines. Pondweed is harvested at the beginning of summer or at the end. Preparations based on pondweed are recommended for use as an external remedy for the treatment of malignant tumors, furunculosis, abscess, and ulcers. It can be used to relieve itching from the skin. It is recommended to take the infusion internally; for preparation you will need leaves and stems; with its help you can get rid of. Take a tablespoon of dry herb, pour 300 ml of boiling water, leave for up to two hours. Take three times a day.

This type of aquatic plant is used as food for fish, shellfish, and insects. After the shoots die and settle at the bottom of the reservoir, it begins to turn into silt.

The herb has a healing effect; it can be used to relieve pain from a dislocation, fracture, or sprain. If you experience severe pain with rheumatism, you need to moisten a gauze bandage in a previously prepared decoction and apply it to the affected area.

An infusion based on the leaves will help cure intestinal disorders; to prepare it you need dry, pre-crushed herb - 10 grams, water - 300 ml, leave for two hours. Consume no more than 25 grams. It is recommended to use the decoction three times a day; it will require 4 grams of herbs, 150 ml of water, boil everything and leave for up to 4 hours.

Contraindications for pondweed

The plant is well tolerated, no side effects have been identified so far, but it is necessary to take into account the allergic reaction; each person tolerates pondweed individually. It is also prohibited to consume pondweed while breastfeeding or during pregnancy.

Thus, pondweed is valued for its appearance, characterized by beautiful leaves that cover the water. Pondweed has an original spike-shaped inflorescence. With the help of the plant, you can saturate the water with the required amount of oxygen and feed aquatic inhabitants. You can combine pondweed with other aquatic plants that grow near the banks. Due to its rich biological composition, pondweed is used for medicinal purposes.