Aquadetrim (aqueous solution or drops) - instructions for use, reviews, analogs, side effects of the drug and indications for the treatment of vitamin D3 deficiency, rickets and osteoporosis in adults and children (including infants and newborns). Compound
Normal functioning of the human body is possible subject to the replenishment of vitamins, minerals and other useful substances. Their deficiency leads to disruption of organ function and metabolism. A special role is assigned to vitamins. The deficiency of these components has a very noticeable effect on health. In order to avoid this problem, you need to eat rationally and take preventive measures.
The value of vitamin D3
Takes part in many processes in the body. It affects the immune, bone, nervous systems, cell growth and the condition of the endocrine glands.
The component is primarily responsible for the absorption of the minerals magnesium and calcium, which are necessary for the formation of dental and bone tissue. Vitamin D3 takes an active part in the exchange of phosphorus and calcium, as a result of which, due to an increased influx of minerals, tooth and bone tissue are strengthened. It influences the processes of cell renewal and growth, protects the body from the development of cancer. A sufficient concentration of the component helps strengthen the immune system, normalizes blood glucose levels, and has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system.
The daily norm is about 500 IU, for adults - 600 IU. Women during pregnancy and breastfeeding are recommended to take up to 1500 IU. An additional dose is also needed for older people.
Vitamin D deficiency: causes
Vitamin D deficiency in the body, the development of which can be caused by factors such as lack of sunlight and insufficient indoor insolation, is a fairly common phenomenon. It is more common in people who live in northern latitudes, where lack of sunlight and long winters prevent the skin from producing the component. Poor diet, insufficient consumption of dairy products and fish can also lead to the development of deficiency.
The body is able to use vitamin D3 only in its active form, which is the responsibility of the kidneys. Accordingly, people with kidney failure or other problems with these organs are also at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency. Diseases such as cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, and Crohn's disease interfere with the absorption of the component from food.
The following factors contribute to the development of vitamin D deficiency: vegetarian diet, use of antacids, kidney and liver disease, dark skin, lactation and pregnancy, age over 50 years.
Deficiency Symptoms
Depending on the degree of deficiency and sensitivity of a person, the symptoms of deficiency may differ. In the initial stages, it may not manifest itself at all, and then suddenly turn into rickets. Symptoms of deficiency include: weight loss, weakness, stooped posture, bone deformities, spinal deformities, slow growth in children, muscle cramps, dental deformities, delayed tooth formation, joint pain.
Vitamin deficiency in the body can be cured if you pay attention to the problem in time. To do this, you need to monitor your health and the health of your children, create the right menu, walk in the fresh air and avoid bad habits.
Possible complications
If measures are not taken to neutralize vitamin D deficiency, it can lead to the development of very serious diseases that are difficult to treat, and in some cases can last a lifetime. The most common complications include rickets (especially in childhood), osteoporosis (brittle bones), osteomalacia, fractures and bone deformities. In early childhood, when a child's bone tissue is just forming, a lack of vitamin can affect the quality of bones in the future.
Against the background of a deficiency, the following diseases can gradually develop: multiple sclerosis, hypertension, constant headaches, depression, chronic pain and fatigue, diseases of the cardiovascular system, cancer, asthma, arthritis.
Prevention
You can prevent the development of deficiency by following simple rules. The first is sufficient exposure to the sun and fresh air. Sunlight has a positive effect on a person's general condition and stimulates the production of vitamin D in the skin. The daily diet should include foods that contain this component. They can replace medications and provide the body with the necessary substances.
Complex supplements or vitamin preparations should only be taken after a thorough examination by a doctor. A specialist can prescribe them for diseases that may contribute to the development of deficiency.
Treatment of deficiency
A lack of vitamin in the blood can lead to serious complications, so it is necessary to take action at the first sign. Treatment should be comprehensive and consist of several steps. First, it is necessary to discover the cause that caused the deficiency and eliminate it. It is worth reconsidering your lifestyle and daily diet, and making some adjustments to it. In particular, you need to eat fatty fish, dairy products, and drink fortified milk more often.
After an examination at the clinic, the doctor may prescribe medications containing vitamin D. The choice of medications is very wide; vitamin D3 (solution) is popular. The drug is also known as Aquadetrim. Before using any product, you should read the instructions. Vitamin D3 is of great importance for infants. The good thing about the drug "Aquadetrim" is that it is suitable for use from four weeks of life.
Vitamin D3
To maintain a normal level of the component in the blood, you need to include in your daily diet foods containing it in sufficient quantities. If this fails, then medications that are designed to provide the body with vitamin D3 will come to the rescue.
The most common drugs include Viganol, Minisan, Aquadetrim. The last one, an aqueous solution of vitamin D3, deserves special attention. The peculiarity of the drug is that it is approved for use by pregnant women and newborn babies. The product prevents the development of rickets, osteoporosis and other similar diseases, and is used in the treatment of vitamin deficiency. The drug can be bought at any pharmacy kiosk at an affordable price, it is available without a prescription, but before use, especially during pregnancy, it is advisable to consult a doctor and carefully read the instructions.
Pharmacology
The drug "Aquadetrim", or aqueous vitamin D3, thanks to the active substance - colecalciferol, affects the normalization of the metabolism of phosphates and calcium, resulting in the correct formation of the bone skeleton and the preservation of the structure of bone tissue. The active component of the product takes part in the reabsorption of phosphates and affects the synthesis of adenosine triphosphoric acid.
The solution helps normalize the content of calcium ions, affects blood clotting and the conduction of nerve impulses, prevents the development of hypovitaminosis and calcium deficiency, which results in the development of diseases such as osteoporosis and rickets.
An aqueous solution of "Aquadetrim", compared to an oil solution, has greater bioavailability and is better adsorbed; it does not require the presence of bile for absorption into the blood, which is especially important for premature babies who still have an immature digestive system.
Indications
The use of vitamin D3 is recommended primarily for vitamin deficiency and hypovitaminosis. The drug is prescribed for the treatment and prevention of rickets-like diseases, hypocalcemia, tetany (caused by hypocalcemia). A sufficient amount of the component is necessary for infants and children who grow and develop, their bones are formed and require its presence for normal absorption of calcium.
During menopause and postmenopause, due to hormonal changes, women may develop osteoporosis, for the treatment of which you also need to take vitamin D3. Instructions for use describe all cases in which Aquadetrim can be used. The drug is prescribed for loss of calcium in teeth and bones, for osteomalacia of various etiologies, for osteopathies caused by metabolic disorders. It also has a good effect on the restoration and fusion of bone tissue after fractures.
Contraindications
Before giving vitamin D3 to children or taking it yourself, it is advisable to consult a doctor, because he has a list of contraindications for use and side effects.
You should not take the drug if you are individually sensitive to colecalciferol, or if you are intolerant to benzyl alcohol. If you have elevated calcium levels in your blood (hypercalcemia) or urine (hypercalciuria), you should also stop taking vitamin D3. The instructions prohibit the use of the drug in case of hypervitaminosis, insufficiency of kidney function, active form of tuberculosis, or urolithiasis. During prolonged immobilization, large doses of the drug are contraindicated.
During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the drug is prescribed taking into account the condition of the mother and fetus (child). In this case, extreme caution is needed, because in case of an overdose, the baby may have developmental disorders. Vitamin D3 should also be prescribed with caution for newborns, and especially for premature babies.
Side effects
Patients may experience some side effects when taking vitamin D3. If the drug is used in recommended doses, then the possibility of their occurrence is close to zero. Side effects may occur if the dose is exceeded or if there is individual hypersensitivity to the components of the product.
You can determine the body's reaction to the action of the drug by the following symptoms: irritability, sudden mood swings, stupor, depression, mental disorders, headache. The gastrointestinal tract may be disturbed by dry mouth, thirst, vomiting, nausea, stool disorders, rapid weight loss, even anorexia. The cardiovascular system can react by increasing blood pressure, increasing heart rate, and cardiac dysfunction. In addition, side effects such as nephropathy, myalgia, general muscle weakness, polyuria, and soft tissue calcification may occur.
special instructions
If the drug is used to treat a disease, then only a doctor can prescribe it, referring to the results of blood and urine tests. When using the drug for preventive purposes, it is necessary to remember the possibility of overdose, especially for pediatric patients. With long-term use of vitamin D3 in high doses, the development of chronic hypervitaminosis is possible.
When giving the drug to newborns, you should pay attention to their individual sensitivity to its components. If taken over a long period of time, this may lead to growth retardation. In old age, patients' daily requirement for the component increases, but vitamin D preparations may be contraindicated for them due to the presence of various diseases. In this case, you need to fill the body’s need by eating foods high in this substance.
Vitamin D3 in foods
You can compensate for the lack of vitamins using not only medications, but also food. Vitamin D3 is found in sufficient quantities in mackerel, mackerel, herring, tuna, fish liver, seafood, eggs, butter, cheese, cottage cheese, and fermented milk products.
Products of plant origin contain little vitamin, which vegetarians should pay attention to. Such products include potatoes, nettles, horsetail, parsley, and oatmeal. It is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, so it is worth spending more time in the fresh air and, if possible, sunbathing.
Vitamin D, also called calciferol, is synthesized in the skin under the influence of solar radiation. The substance helps calcium to be absorbed in the body, thereby maintaining normal bone structure, improving the functioning of the heart muscle, nervous system, endocrine glands, and normalizing blood clotting. People who lead a sedentary lifestyle, rarely see the sun, or do office work, develop an acute deficiency of calciferol. To eliminate hypovitaminosis, it is necessary to adjust the diet; it is also recommended to take vitamin D drops.
Symptoms of hypovitaminosis
Calciferol deficiency leads to significant disruption of the body. Most often, hypovitaminosis is observed in people who avoid exposure to direct sunlight due to a tendency to melanoma, and who abuse creams with a UV filter. Vitamin deficiency is often diagnosed in residents of northern regions, where sunny days are rare.
The likelihood of calciferol deficiency increases in the following cases:
- during pregnancy;
- after reaching 50 years of age;
- during menopause;
- with strict diets, poor nutrition;
- for dark skin;
- if there is a problem with the kidneys or liver.
The symptoms of hypovitaminosis in adults and children differ. Children with a lack of vitamin D experience the following symptoms:
- loss of appetite;
- poor health, constant whims and hysterics;
- excessive sweating on the extremities;
- weakening of muscles and joints;
- spinal deformity, curvature of ribs and limbs;
- loose fontanelle;
- underdevelopment of teeth, frequent occurrence of caries.
In adults, calciferol deficiency is manifested by the following symptoms:
- stoop;
- frequent and sudden changes in weight;
- lethargy, drowsiness, constant feeling of fatigue;
- frequent fractures;
- poor dental condition, susceptibility to caries and periodontal disease.
It is clear that the above symptoms fit many diseases. Therefore, to confirm vitamin D deficiency, it is necessary to undergo a medical examination and donate blood for calciferol content analysis.
Who is Calciferol drops indicated for?
If there is a vitamin deficiency in the body, the first step is to transform the diet, enrich it with meat, eggs, seafood, and fresh herbs. If the lack of calciferol is very severe, then the doctor prescribes medications based on vitamin D.
Typically, vitamin D drops are prescribed for the following pathologies:
- lack of calcium and phosphorus in the body;
- muscle cramps;
- chronic diseases of the digestive tract;
- dermatitis, neurodermatitis.
Advantages of drops over other dosage forms
Pharmacies sell a huge number of drugs based on vitamin D. The main dosage forms are tablets and drops. Less commonly produced are medicinal solutions intended for injection into the muscle.
Vitamin D drops, unlike tablets, are absorbed almost instantly when they enter the body. Drugs in drop form are produced in the form of either an aqueous or oil solution. But an aqueous solution is absorbed better than an oil solution. The absorption of the drops is 60–80% of the total amount of the medicinal substance consumed.
The most used vitamin D preparation. Manufacturer: Polish pharmaceutical company Medana Pharma. The medicine is a clear liquid that smells like anise and is intended for oral administration. The drug is sold in dark glass bottles with a volume of 10 ml, equipped with a lid with a dispenser. 1 ml of medicinal liquid contains 15,000 IU of vitamin D 3.
The medication is intended for the following purposes:
- strengthening the immune system;
- normalization of the functioning of the parathyroid glands;
- activation of calcium transfer to bone tissue;
- improving the functioning of nerve fibers;
- muscle toning.
The instructions for use state that the drug should be used for the prevention and treatment of the following pathologies:
- rickets;
- osteoporosis;
- hypocalcemic tetany;
- osteomalacia;
- hypoparathyroidism;
- vitamin D deficiency.
Aquadetrim should not be taken under the following conditions:
- sarcoidosis;
- kidney dysfunction;
- urolithiasis;
- acute form of tuberculosis;
- hypercalcemia;
- hypercalciuria;
- excess vitamin D in the body;
It is contraindicated to give the medicine to infants under 4 weeks of age. Pregnant and breastfeeding women, bedridden patients, young children, as well as people being treated with cardiac glycosides and thiazide diuretics should take the drops with caution.
To give medicine to an infant, just drop one drop of the solution on his tongue. Another option: dissolve a drop in a small amount of breast milk or infant formula. To prevent rickets, healthy babies should be given 1 drop of medicine per day, premature, weak, infants born in the northern regions - 2-3 drops. Adults are recommended to take 2–4 drops. Pregnant women are advised to take no more than 1 drop per day. The course of treatment lasts 4 – 6 weeks. For the treatment of rickets in adults and children, the dosage is selected only by a medical specialist.
In case of an overdose of the drug, the following side effects occur:
- nausea, vomiting;
- drying of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity;
- loss of appetite;
- increased body temperature;
- constipation;
- sudden weight loss;
- polyuria;
- weakness;
- insomnia;
- mental disorders;
- the appearance of protein in the urine;
- increased calcium concentration in the blood, calcification of blood vessels.
If the above symptoms occur, you should stop taking the drug.
Oil-based drops, sold in bottles with a volume of 10 ml. 1 ml of medicinal liquid contains 0.5 mg of cholecalciferol, that is, 20,000 IU of vitamin D 3.
The drug is intended for the prevention and treatment of the following pathologies:
- rickets;
- osteoporosis;
- hypocalcemia;
- deterioration of mineral metabolism in older people.
It is prohibited to take the medication under the following conditions:
- sarcoidosis;
- hypercalcemia;
- hypercalciuria;
- urolithiasis;
- constant lying position associated with serious illness;
- sensitivity to the components of the drug.
To prevent rickets, healthy children under three years of age should be given 1 drop (400–500 IU) of the drug per day. The medicine is not intended for the prevention of rickets in full-term newborns up to 2 months of age.
It is recommended to give premature babies from the 10th day of life 2 drops (800 - 1000 IU) of the drug per day. If a newborn child is diagnosed with rickets, then from the 10th day of life the baby should take 2–8 drops (1000–5000 IU) of medication per day. Therapy is carried out in the first 2 months of life, in the 5th and 9th months, and then twice in the 2nd year of the child’s life.
The instructions for use also indicate dosages for the prevention and treatment of other diseases associated with calciferol deficiency in the body:
- prevention of hypovitaminosis – 1 – 2 drops per day;
- for malabsorption syndrome – 48 drops per day;
- for osteomalacia – 2 – 8 drops, therapy lasts a year;
- for osteoporosis – 2 – 4 drops per day;
- for hypoparathyroidism – 15 – 30 drops per day.
In case of an overdose of the drug, the following side effects may develop:
- nausea, vomiting;
- sudden weight loss;
- deposition of kidney stones;
- hypercalcemia;
- hypercalciuria;
- heart rhythm disturbance;
- mental disorders;
- loss of appetite, thirst;
- polyuria.
Devisol D 3
A children's drug produced by the Finnish pharmaceutical company Orion Pharma. Sold in the form of an oil solution, bottled in 10 ml bottles. The medicine is based on coconut oil, so the drops are tasteless and odorless; they can be discreetly added to food and drinks for children who do not want to drink vitamin preparations. The medication is completely safe for children; it contains no yeast, preservatives, soy protein, lactose, or dyes.
The drug is intended to prevent the occurrence of the following pathologies:
- rickets;
- metabolic deterioration;
- hypocalcemic tetany;
- vitamin D deficiency.
The medicine is contraindicated in the following conditions:
- mental disorders;
- urolithiasis;
- polyuria;
- sensitivity to the components of the drug.
The medicine can be used for both children and adults. Children from 6 months are advised to take 1 drop per day, adults – 2 – 4 drops, pregnant women – 1 drop, elderly people – 2 drops.
While taking vitamin D medications, you cannot adjust the dosage at your own discretion. The daily dose of the drug is prescribed only by a medical specialist. To maintain a normal amount of calciferol in the body, it is useful to take walks in the sun in the morning and afternoon.
1 ml of solution contains
active substance - colecalciferol 15,000 IU,
excipients: macrogol glyceryl ricinoleate, sucrose, sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, citric acid monohydrate, anise flavor, benzyl alcohol, purified water.
Description
Transparent, colorless, liquid (opalescence is allowed) with the smell of anise.
Pharmacotherapeutic group
Vitamins. Vitamin A and D and their combination. Vitamin D and its derivatives. Colecalciferol.
ATX code A11SS05
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacokinetics
An aqueous solution of vitamin D3 is better absorbed than an oil solution (which is important when used in premature infants). After oral administration of colecalciferol, absorption occurs in the small intestine by passive diffusion of 50 to 80% of the dose.
Absorbed quickly (in the distal small intestine), enters the lymphatic system, enters the liver and the general bloodstream. In the blood it binds to alpha2-globulins and partially to albumins. Accumulates in the liver, bones, skeletal muscles, kidneys, adrenal glands, myocardium, and adipose tissue. TCmax (period of maximum concentration) in tissues is 4-5 hours, then the concentration of the drug decreases slightly, remaining at a constant level for a long time. In the form of polar metabolites, it is localized mainly in the membranes of cells and microsomes, mitochondria and nuclei. Penetrates the placental barrier and is excreted in breast milk.
Deposited in the liver.
Metabolized in the liver and kidneys: in the liver it is converted into an inactive metabolite calcifediol (25-dihydrocholecalciferol), in the kidneys - from calcifediol it is converted into an active metabolite calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) and an inactive metabolite 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Subject to enterohepatic recirculation. The half-life in the blood is several days and may increase in the case of kidney disease.
Vitamin D and its metabolites are excreted in the bile, and a small amount is excreted in the kidneys. Cumulates.
Pharmacodynamics
Aquadetrim vitamin D3 is an antirachitic drug. The most important function of Aquadetrim vitamin D3 is the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism, which promotes mineralization and skeletal growth. Vitamin D3 is the natural form of vitamin D, which is formed in humans in the skin under the influence of sunlight. Plays a significant role in the absorption of calcium and phosphates from the intestines, in the transport of mineral salts and in the process of bone calcification, and also regulates the reabsorption of calcium and phosphates by the kidneys. Calcium ions are involved in a number of important biochemical processes that determine the maintenance of muscle tone of skeletal muscles, in the conduction of nervous stimulation, and in the process of blood clotting. Aquadetrim vitamin D3 stimulates the production of lymphokines.
Indications for use
Prevention and treatment
Prevention and treatment of rickets and osteomalacia in children and adults
Prevention of rickets in premature newborns
Prevention of vitamin D deficiency in children and adults at risk of this condition without intestinal absorption pathology
Prevention of vitamin D deficiency in children and adults with malabsorption
Treatment of hypoparathyroidism in adults
As part of complex therapy
Osteoporosis
Directions for use and doses
The dose of the drug should be set individually, taking into account the general use of calcium (both in the daily diet and in the form of medications).
The drug is taken orally with a small amount of liquid.
1 drop contains about 500 IU of vitamin D3. In order to accurately measure the dose of the drug, you should hold the bottle at an angle of 45° while counting drops.
Prevention of vitamin D deficiency:
Children from the 2nd week of life and adults: 500 IU (1 drop) per day
Treatment of vitamin D deficiency:
The dose of the drug is determined by the doctor individually, depending on the degree of vitamin D deficiency.
Vitamin D dependent rickets:
Children from 3000 IU to 10,000 IU (6-20 drops) per day
Osteomalacia associated with the use of anticonvulsants:
Children - 1000 IU (2 drops per day)
Adults – 1000-4000 IU (2-8 drops) per day
For osteomalacia and osteoporosis as part of complex therapy - 500-1000 IU (1-2 drops) per day. The dose is determined by the doctor individually, depending on the cause and severity of the disease.
Side effects
Not observed when used in recommended doses. In the case of rarely observed individual hypersensitivity to vitamin D3 or as a result of using too high doses for a long period, an overdose of vitamin D3, vitamin D3 hypervitaminosis, may occur.
Hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria
Allergic reactions (itching, rash, urticaria)
Gastrointestinal disorders (constipation, flatulence, nausea, abdominal pain or diarrhea)
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or components of the drug, especially to benzyl alcohol
Hypervitaminosis vitamin D
Kidney failure
Elevated levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood and urine
Calcium kidney stones
Sarcoidosis
Drug interactions
Antiepileptic drugs (especially phenytoin and phenobarbital), rifampicin reduce the reabsorption of vitamin D3.
The use of vitamin D3 simultaneously with thiazide diuretics increases the risk of developing hypercalcemia.
The simultaneous use of vitamin D3 with cardiac glycosides may enhance their toxic effect (increases the risk of heart rhythm disturbances).
Long-term use of antacids containing aluminum and magnesium in combination with vitamin D may increase the concentration of aluminum in the blood and, as a result, the toxic effect of aluminum on bone tissue and hypermagnesemia in patients with renal failure.
Ketoconazole can inhibit both the biosynthesis and catabolism of 1,25(OH)2-colecalciferol.
Vitamin D is an antagonist of drugs used for hypercalcemia: calcitonin, etidronate, pamidronate.
special instructions
Avoid overdose.
Too high doses of vitamin D3, used over a long period of time or shock doses, can cause chronic hypervitaminosis D3.
Determining a child’s daily need for vitamin D and the method of its use should be determined by a doctor individually and each time subject to correction during periodic examinations, especially in the first months of life.
Use with caution in immobilized patients, in patients taking thiazide diuretics, in patients with urolithiasis, as well as in patients with heart disease and taking cardiac glycosides.
Do not use calcium supplements in high doses simultaneously with vitamin D3.
You should not take vitamin D if you have pseudohypoparathyroidism, since in this disease the need for vitamin D may be reduced, which may lead to the risk of long-term overdose.
Treatment is carried out under periodic monitoring of the level of calcium and phosphorus in the blood and urine.
The drug contains benzyl alcohol, which may cause an anaphylactoid reaction.
Vitamin D should be prescribed with extreme caution in newborns with a small anterior fontanelle.
Pregnancy and lactation period
Should not be used in high doses in pregnant women due to possible teratogenic effects in case of overdose (very high doses during pregnancy are likely to cause dementia and congenital heart defects in children)
Vitamin D3 should be prescribed with caution during lactation, since the drug taken in high doses by the mother can cause overdose symptoms in the child.
Features of the drug's influence on the ability to drive
vehicle or potentially dangerous machinery
To feel good, a person needs to enrich his body with useful substances, including vitamins, every day. But it is not always possible to get them from natural sources. If the patient has a deficiency of calciferol, the doctor will prescribe additionally: the liquid option is most often chosen for this.
They are especially rich in:
- fatty fish varieties;
- Cod liver;
- beef liver;
- eggs;
- dairy products.
Plant foods contain little calciferol, so lovers of radical diets should reconsider their diet.
When the body does not receive the dose it needs naturally (food and ultraviolet radiation), calciferol begins to appear. In this case, the doctor may prescribe vitamin D in water, oil, or form.
In what form is it best to take?
The vitamin is not always supplied with food in sufficient quantities, and sunny weather is rare. The only option is to take it in the form of special supplements. Dairy products that are rich in this vitamin are popular in the United States. They contain vitamin K2, which together with calciferol works to strengthen bones.
When taking a multivitamin complex, it is necessary to recalculate the dosage of vitamin D individually for each family member. The most convenient way is drops. They are quickly absorbed and easy to dose and can be added to food. The water-based bottle can be used by the whole family. At the same time, it is economical - it lasts for 3-6 months.
The most popular water-based calciferol drops in our country are Aquadetrim. They are prescribed to children from birth.
Indications, contraindications, side effects
An aqueous solution of vitamin D is used for the following conditions:
- hypo- and vitamin deficiency;
- , ;
- poor nutrition, including vegetarianism;
- liver diseases - cirrhosis or liver failure;
- a sharp decrease in body weight;
- pregnancy and lactation;
- diseases of the digestive tract;
- period after operations.
Contraindications include the following:
- increased sensitivity;
- excess vitamin D in the body;
- renal osteodystrophy.
During pregnancy and children, the drug should be taken with caution, under the supervision of a specialist.
If you do not follow the instructions, the following side effects may develop:
- allergy;
- loss of appetite;
- increased blood pressure;
- abnormal heart rate;
- headache;
- constipation.
If the vitamin enters the body over a long period of time, hypervitaminosis may manifest itself in the form of constipation or stool disorders, dry mucous membranes, headache, thirst, absolute lack of appetite, metallic taste in the mouth, nausea, weakness, fatigue, photophobia. If such symptoms appear, the drug must be discontinued.
Application
An aqueous solution of vitamin D is used for prevention and treatment. The dosage is selected based on the condition of the body. During pregnancy at 30-32 weeks, the dose is one drop, or 1400 IU. Vitamin D2 must be used until the day of birth 1 time every 3 days. This is a preventive measure for newborns against rickets.
If a woman has not had antenatal prophylaxis, then the vitamin is prescribed one drop of a solution in oil during breastfeeding. If necessary, the drug is prescribed to the child. When selecting the dosage and dosage interval, it is necessary to take into account the season, region of residence and individual characteristics. The dosage for the treatment of rickets of various degrees is from 7 to 24 drops per day. For osteoporosis, 3000IU is prescribed.
It is necessary to use vitamin D in liquid form for the prevention and treatment of rickets in children. One drop contains 625 IU. The drug is approved for use in newborns. It is most often prescribed in cold weather, because in warm weather it is synthesized in the skin. A water-based solution is prescribed from three weeks of age. Therapeutic dose – up to 20 drops.
If calciferol is prescribed to infants without fail, then the advisability of adults taking its aqueous solution should be discussed with a doctor. First you need to pass. It is quite possible that there is no point in taking it additionally: it is enough to simply adjust your diet and spend more time outside in good weather.
Registration number: P N011712/01-050313
Trade name of the drug: Vigantol®
International nonproprietary name: Colecalciferol
Dosage form: Oily solution for oral administration
Compound
1 ml of solution (40 drops) contains:
Active ingredient: Colecalciferol 0.5 mg (corresponds to 20,000 IU vitamin D3);
Excipients: Medium chain triglycerides - 939.5 mg.
Description
Transparent, slightly yellowish, viscous solution.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: vitamin - calcium-phosphorus metabolism regulator
ATX code:А11СС05.
Pharmacotherapeutic properties
Pharmacodynamics
Colecalciferol is an antirachitic agent that replenishes vitamin D3 deficiency. It is involved in the regulation of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, enhances the absorption of calcium in the intestines and the reabsorption of phosphates in the kidneys, promotes bone mineralization and is necessary for the normal functioning of the parathyroid glands.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption of colecalciferol occurs in the distal small intestine. In the blood it binds to alpha2-globulins and partially to albumins. Colecalciferol accumulates in the liver, bones, skeletal muscles, kidneys, adrenal glands, myocardium, and adipose tissue. The maximum concentration in tissues is reached after 4-5 hours, after which the concentration decreases slightly, remaining at a constant level for a long time. Biotransformation occurs in the liver and kidneys: in the liver, colecalciferol is converted into the inactive metabolite calcifediol (25-dihydrocolecalciferol), in the kidneys, from calcifediol it is converted into the active metabolite calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycolecalciferol) and inactive metabolite
24,25-dihydroxycolecalciferol. Subject to enterohepatic recirculation. Excretion occurs mainly through bile and a small amount through the kidneys. Cumulates. Colecalciferol crosses the placental barrier and is excreted in breast milk.
Indications for use
Prevention and treatment of rickets;
- prevention of vitamin D3 deficiency in high-risk groups (malabsorption, chronic diseases of the small intestine, biliary cirrhosis of the liver, conditions after resection of the stomach and/or small intestine);
- maintenance therapy for osteoporosis (of various origins);
- treatment of osteomalacia (against the background of mineral metabolism disorders in patients over 45 years of age, long-term immobilization in case of injuries, adherence to diets with refusal to take milk and
dairy products);
- treatment of hypoparathyroidism.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, calcium nephrourolithiasis, thyrotoxicosis (possible hypersensitivity), renal osteodystrophy with hyperphosphatemia, hypervitaminosis D.
Carefully the drug should be prescribed for atherosclerosis, heart failure, renal failure, sarcoidosis or other granulomatosis, hyperphosphatemia, phosphate nephrourolithiasis (including a history), organic heart lesions, acute and chronic diseases of the liver and kidneys, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, ulcerative diseases of the stomach and duodenum, hypothyroidism, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, when taking additional amounts of vitamin D3 (for example, as part of other medications).
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding
During pregnancy and breastfeeding, an adequate supply of vitamin D 3 is required.
In case of overdose, hypercalcemia and transplacental penetration of vitamin D3 metabolites into the fetus may occur, which can lead to teratogenic effects: delayed mental and physical development of the fetus, special forms of aortic stenosis. Vitamin D3 and its metabolites pass into breast milk.
Directions for use and doses
The drug Vigantol® is taken orally with milk or other liquid.
- Prevention of rickets: full-term healthy children are prescribed Vigantol® from the 2nd week of life, 1 drop (corresponds to 500 IU of vitamin D3) daily. Premature babies are prescribed 2 drops (corresponding to 1000 IU of vitamin D3) daily from the 2nd week of life. The drug is prescribed during the first and second year of life, especially during the winter months;
- Treatment of rickets: prescribe 2-10 drops of Vigantol® (corresponding to 1000-5000 IU of vitamin D3) per day. Treatment should be continued for 1 year;
- Prevention of the risk of diseases associated with vitamin D3 deficiency: 1-2 drops of Vigantol® (corresponds to 500 - 1000 IU of vitamin D3) per day;
- Prevention of vitamin D3 deficiency in malabsorption syndrome: 6-10 drops of Vigantol® (corresponds to 3000-5000 IU of vitamin D3) per day;
- Treatment of osteomalacia caused by vitamin D3 deficiency: 2-10 drops of Vigantol® (corresponding to 1000-5000 IU of vitamin D3) per day. Treatment should be continued for 1 year;
- Maintenance therapy for osteoporosis: 2-6 drops of Vigantol® (corresponding to 1000 - 3000 IU of vitamin D3) per day;
- Treatment of hypoparathyroidism: depending on the plasma calcium concentration, 20-40 drops of Vigantol® (corresponding to 10,000 - 20,000 IU of vitamin D3) per day are prescribed. Blood calcium levels should be checked within 4-6 weeks, then every 3-6 months, and the dose adjusted according to blood calcium levels.
Side effect
Constipation, flatulence, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, allergic reactions (itching, rash, urticaria), hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria when taking the drug for a long time in high doses, loss of appetite, polyuria, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, increased blood pressure pressure, arrhythmias, impaired renal function, exacerbation of the tuberculosis process in the lungs.
Overdose
Symptoms of vitamin D 3 hypervitaminosis: early (due to hypercalcemia) - constipation or diarrhea, dry oral mucosa, headache, thirst, pollakiuria, nocturia, polyuria, anorexia, metallic taste in the mouth, nausea, vomiting, unusual fatigue, general weakness, adynamia, dehydration, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, increased plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxycolecalciferol; late - bone pain, cloudiness of urine (appearance of hyaline casts in the urine, proteinuria, leukocyturia), increased blood pressure, skin itching, photosensitivity of the eyes, conjunctival hyperemia, arrhythmia, drowsiness, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis, gastralgia, weight loss, rarely - changes in the psyche (up to the development of psychosis) and mood.
Symptoms of chronic intoxication with vitamin D 3 (when taken for several weeks or months for adults in doses of 20000-60000 IU / day, children - 2000-4000 IU / day): calcification of soft tissues, kidneys, lungs, blood vessels, increased blood pressure , renal and cardiovascular failure up to death (these effects most often occur when hyperphosphatemia is added to hypercalcemia), growth impairment in children (long-term use at a dose of 1800 IU/day).
In case of acute or chronic overdose, it is necessary to take measures to treat developing hypercalcemia.
Depending on the severity of hypercalcemia, the following measures are used:
discontinuation of the drug, low calcium diet, consumption of large amounts of fluid, administration of glucocorticosteroids, vitamin E, ascorbic acid, retinol, thiamine, pantothenic acid, riboflavin; in severe cases, intravenous administration of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, furosemide, electrolytes, hemodialysis, administration of calcitonin. There is no specific antidote.
To avoid overdose, in some cases it is recommended to determine the concentration of calcium in the blood.
Interaction with other drugs
Phenytoin, primidone and barbiturate drugs increase the need for vitamin D3 due to an increase in the rate of biotransformation.
Long-term therapy with the simultaneous use of antacids containing aluminum and magnesium ions increases their concentration in the blood and the risk of intoxication (especially in the presence of chronic renal failure).
Calcitonin, bisphosphonates (including etidronic and pamidronic acid), plicamycin reduce the effect.
Cholestyramine and colestipol reduce the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in the gastrointestinal tract and require an increase in their dose.
Increases the absorption of phosphorus-containing drugs and the risk of hyperphosphatemia.
When used simultaneously with sodium fluoride, the interval between doses should be at least 2 hours; with oral forms of tetracyclines - at least 3 hours.
Concomitant therapy with glucocorticosteroids may reduce the effect of the drug.
Concomitant therapy with cardiac glycosides may increase their toxic potential due to the development of hypercalcemia. In such patients, it is necessary to monitor calcium levels, ECG, and adjust the dose of cardiac glycosides.
Concomitant therapy with benzodiazepine derivatives increases the risk of developing hypercalcemia.
Vitamin D3 can be combined with vitamin D metabolites or analogues only in exceptional cases and under the control of serum calcium levels.
Thiazide diuretics may reduce urinary calcium excretion and, accordingly, increase the risk of developing hypercalcemia. In such patients, it is necessary to constantly monitor the concentration of calcium in the blood.
Rifampicin and isoniazid may reduce the effect of the drug due to an increase in the rate of biotransformation.
Does not interact with food.
special instructions
The drug should not be taken in cases of pseudohypoparathyroidism, since during the phase of normal sensitivity to vitamin D, the need for vitamin D may decrease, leading to the risk of delayed overdose. In such cases, it is better to use active vitamin D metabolites, which allow more precise dosage adjustment.
