How nipples change during pregnancy: features and description. What do bright red nipples and areola mean - is it normal or a serious illness? The breast hurts and there is redness around the nipple

From the moment the egg is fertilized and implanted in the uterine cavity, hormonal changes begin in the woman’s body, which will contribute to the preservation of pregnancy and its successful development. Previously released hormones change their concentration (progesterone and estrogen are produced more actively), which is expressed in different manifestations. The breasts are one of the first to react to hormonal changes. Very often, it is the nipples that prompt a woman to think about the possibility of conception.

The breast begins to react to pregnancy from 10-14 days after conception, that is, virtually immediately after implantation of the egg. Moreover, both the breasts in general and the nipples in particular change. And this process lasts throughout the entire period of bearing the baby.

How nipples change during pregnancy:

- increased nipple sensitivity during pregnancy

One of the most important is increasing the sensitivity of the nipples. This feeling begins to simply irritate the woman: any touch to the nipple causes not only discomfort, but also infuriates her. Meanwhile, many women’s nipples become hypersensitive before each period, so often at this stage they still have no idea about anything, regarding this symptom as a manifestation of premenstrual syndrome.

But when you are already aware that you are pregnant, and your nipples hurt when pressed or touched, then it is better to immediately change your bra to the simplest and most comfortable one. The cup should be perfectly flat and smooth - without seams or decorative elements that irritate the nipples. Some doctors recommend placing pieces of coarse fabric in the cups, which will prepare the breasts for future feeding, and at the same time reduce their sensitivity and soreness.

Air baths will also have a beneficial effect on the chest and reduce soreness. Yes, and my husband will be pleased, to say the least. By the way, it’s not for nothing that nipples become hypersensitive: this is how they protect the breasts from now unnecessary stimulation, which can lead to the release of the hormone oxytocin, which causes uterine contractions.

- swelling of the nipples during pregnancy

Throughout pregnancy, the breasts noticeably increase in size and become 2-3 times heavier. Naturally, the nipples swell along with it. All this happens due to the activity of hormones. The nipple enlarges, becomes more elongated and prominent. Many women are upset by such changes, but men really like it.

- darkening of nipples during pregnancy

That's when you can really suspect that you are pregnant, this is when pigmentation begins to intensify. The first signs of pregnancy include darkening of the nipples and areolas. This does not happen to all women, but often the nipples become noticeably darker and even change color completely.

By the way, similar changes may affect. But nipples are, of course, easier to notice.

- Montgomery tubercles during pregnancy

Often, from the first weeks of pregnancy, a woman notices the appearance of small pimples around her nipples. These are the Montgomery tubercles, which are more correctly called glands. They are present in the nipple areolas of every woman, but become especially noticeable during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

The number of Montgomery glands can be very different - from a few pieces to multiple points around the nipple. But most often during pregnancy there are about 12 of them on each nipple. It is believed that the more tubercles, the more milk a woman will have.

Montgomery's tubercles are vestigial glands. It is not at all necessary that they manifest themselves during pregnancy, although it happens that they appear from the first days. In most cases, these glands hide after breastfeeding stops, although they often remain on the nipples. Don't worry about this - there's nothing wrong with it.

- secretion of colostrum during pregnancy

Already from the second trimester, a pregnant woman may notice the release of colostrum from the nipples (clear, whitish or yellowish liquid), although most often this occurs closer to childbirth, in the third trimester. Hormones are again to blame for this, as they prepare the breasts for early feeding.

If you notice droplets on your nipples, then under no circumstances squeeze it out of your breast. Just pat dry carefully and be sure to maintain good hygiene - shower twice a day. If the need arises, you can use chest pads. By the way, it is very useful to lubricate the nipples with a drop of colostrum - this prevents them from drying out and prevents the formation of cracks during feeding.

Nipple stimulation during pregnancy

And the last thing that cannot be ignored is nipple stimulation during pregnancy. Be extremely careful with this. Men really like the rounded shapes of their pregnant beloved wives. It’s simply a sin to leave such breasts unattended, but this may turn out to be unsafe. Stimulation of the nipples during pregnancy tones the uterus, which can provoke the threat of miscarriage or. During or in later stages, such a natural one may even be useful. But while the time for childbirth has not yet come, it is better not to take risks and not touch the nipples again.

It should be said that the described changes in the breasts and nipples will not necessarily manifest themselves. In some women, the breasts do not change at all until the birth itself, and only during the arrival of milk they begin to swell and harden. Do not worry if breast changes did not affect you during pregnancy - this is also normal. Each woman is individual, and her pregnancy proceeds differently from another.

Especially for- Elena Kichak

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Some women complain that their breasts hurt near the nipple. This can happen during childbearing years. All this is due to hormonal imbalances or changes in the body.

Therefore, during menopause this problem, as a rule, does not occur. Another cause of pain in the nipple area can be mechanical trauma.

Examine your mammary glands for external signs. These could be cracks, rashes, spots on the nipples, etc.

Pain during lactation

If a woman’s nipples hurt during lactation, it means that she did not organize the feeding process correctly, and this can negatively affect the health of the mother and baby.

As a result, the baby receives less milk, remains hungry and needs complementary feeding. A young mother may develop mastitis due to milk remaining in the breast.

To prevent all this from happening, follow these recommendations when feeding:

1. Check whether the baby is lying correctly when feeding. The lips should completely cover the nipple. When the baby is not yet holding his head up, he needs to hold it with his hands. As your baby grows, use your elbow to support your head, as your palm will no longer be able to hold it. To keep the nose open, press down on the chest with your finger.
2. Try not to accustom your child to a pacifier, as this may disrupt his sucking technique, which also leads to nipple pain during feeding.
3. Make sure that the leaking milk does not dry out; after feeding, wipe the breast with a napkin or wash it, otherwise, in addition to pain, there will be itching around the nipple.
4. Often, the breasts not only hurt, but also, under no circumstances should you scratch them, as this will damage the skin and cause an infection.

Pain in the nipples can occur due to improper breast care or a number of diseases.

It can develop a week or a month after the start of breastfeeding. In this case, you should pay attention to the following circumstances:

1. This may be a congenital abnormality. The nipples may be inverted, have a rim, and may have warts or other skin growths.
2. High sensitivity of the nipples is possible.
3. Frequent use of soap when washing your breasts or using brilliant green. All these actions lead to dry skin and cracks on it. Another reason for dry nipples is a low number of glands, which are responsible for the natural lubrication of the nipples. The result may be painful, scaly patches.
4. Using a hard towel or scratching can damage them (when the nipples on the chest itch).
5. A large amount of milk arrived.
6. Breast surgery in the past.
7. Mechanical injuries when wearing uncomfortable underwear. At the same time, the nipples also peel, and itching occurs around the nipple.
8. Incorrect use of breast pumps or their poor quality.

Breast pain before menstruation

For many representatives of the fair sex, it is observed before the onset of menstruation.

It begins a few days before or after ovulation, and subsides by the time your period stops. In medicine, this pain is called cyclic.

This process occurs due to changes in hormonal levels. When ovulation occurs, the amount of progesterone in the body increases, which prepares the body for pregnancy, hence the enlargement of the mammary glands and.

Sometimes it is impossible to touch the breasts, an increase in temperature is felt in the mammary glands, and a pulling sensation appears in the nipple area. Do not be alarmed, as these are natural manifestations of the body.

Pain can also be caused by a lack of progesterone, which prevents a woman from becoming pregnant.

If all this time you are, then you should think about why it appeared.

Perhaps the reason for this is hormonal imbalance or mastopathy. Hormonal imbalances are corrected by a gynecologist.

Mastopathy takes a long time to treat; it cannot be ignored, because over time it can develop into non-lactation mastitis.

Breast pain during pregnancy

Some women experience chest pain immediately after conception. This is due to hormonal changes in the body. The breasts are prepared for lactation:

1. She is getting bigger.
2. The skin tightens and the first stretch marks form.
3. The venous plexuses are clearly visible through the skin of the chest.
4. in size, Montgomery tubercles appear on them.
5. In some women, colostrum begins to be released from the nipples already in the early stages.

Before childbirth, nipples become very sensitive, so doctors recommend preparing them for feeding the baby at this time.

Pain in the nipples can occur with large amounts of water consumed. This is due to the slowdown of all natural processes during pregnancy, and the kidneys do not have time to process large amounts of fluid, which causes chest pain.

To prevent chest pain from bothering you, you need to choose a comfortable bra.

It should be made from natural fabrics, not have rough seams (the skin is injured and peeled off), but at the same time have special devices for massaging the nipples, which prepares them for further feeding of the baby.

Pain under the breasts

If pain is felt under the breast, then most likely it is associated with an adjacent internal organ.

Acute pain that appears when breathing may indicate inflammation in the lungs or neuralgia.

Pain under the chest can be the result of a bruise or even a broken rib. Sometimes a bruise may not even be noticed; it appears, for example, during intense sports training or a fall.

Chest pain is one of the symptoms, so a comprehensive examination is necessary to determine the cause of this condition.

Prolonged pain under the breasts cannot be ignored; you should seek help from a gastroenterologist or infectious disease specialist, since discomfort in this part of the body may indicate a number of the following diseases:

• cirrhosis of the liver;
• stomach ulcer;
• gastritis;
• dysfunction of the spleen;
• heart diseases;
• disorders in the esophagus, etc.

In some isolated cases, pain under the breasts may even indicate stomach cancer.

You should not self-medicate, because... It will take precious time, but as you know, in its early stages any disease is curable.

Diseases that may cause breast pain near the nipple

Pain may be felt in some diseases:

Lactostasis or mastitis - Which develops during breastfeeding, while the breasts swell and begin to hurt, and the baby cannot latch onto the nipple.

Allergies to underwear, detergent, body care products, etc. - In this case, the nipple becomes not only painful, but also itchy.

Candidiasis infection - It can manifest itself in the form of eczema or dermatitis, peeling and itching around the nipple. A dermatologist will solve the problem.

Vasospasm - As a result, blood supply to the nipple area is disrupted.

Psoriasis - Sometimes it goes unnoticed, but pain in the nipples appears. Therefore, carefully examine the mammary glands: if you notice spots on the chest, consult a doctor.

Herpes or impetigo - Viral or pustular rashes on the nipples or breast skin

Fibromyalgia syndrome - In this case, pain is felt not only in the nipples. But also throughout the body. Often a woman does not attach importance to such mild pain, attributing everything to fatigue. But it is better to consult a doctor immediately.

Paget's disease - Outwardly resembles irritation on the nipple in the form of eczema, but at the same time drops of blood or ichor are released from the skin lesions.

This condition indicates cancer. If these symptoms occur, seek medical help immediately.

In all of these cases, it would be a good idea to consult a doctor, since some conditions that seem minor can significantly harm your health.

Pain in the nipples - alarming symptoms

If, in addition to pain in the nipple area, other manifestations appear, then consult a doctor immediately.

Serious symptoms that may indicate significant disturbances in the body may include the following:

1. Purulent, bloody or bloody discharge.
2. The appearance of the nipple has changed: it has changed color, shape, size, etc.
3. The appearance of cracks, erosion, ulcers, spots in or near the areola.
4. Swelling in the mammary gland, pain, redness near the nipple, itching, etc.
5. Pain in the nipple or breast area is felt constantly, it increases and radiates to the armpit area.

The female breast is a very sensitive organ. Even a minor injury can cause a lot of problems. Therefore, treat it extremely carefully.

Redness of the nipple areola can occur due to many reasons. Some causes of red nipples are quite harmless when associated with cyclical changes in the body. Others talk about the development of a serious illness. Don’t torment yourself with guesses - consult a mammologist or gynecologist in a timely manner. After examination and palpation, the doctor may send for additional diagnostics to make an accurate diagnosis.

Only a qualified specialist can identify the true cause of redness around the nipples. Not in all cases, redness around the nipple is caused by the development of pathology.

The most common reasons:

• lactation
• incorrectly selected underwear
• allergic reactions

Breastfeeding your baby may cause sore and red nipples. This phenomenon is especially common among young mothers who do not know how to properly attach a baby to the breast.

If a woman is a nursing mother, then a number of factors need to be considered:

• Lactostasis - stagnation of milk is often accompanied by painful sensations in the breasts and redness of the areolas and nipples. Lactostasis is characterized by dysfunction of the outflow of milk from the milk ducts, which leads to unpleasant symptoms.
• Nipple injuries - there are a number of reasons why injury can occur. This is an uncomfortable bra, errors in attaching a newborn to the breast, and an incorrectly formed baby’s bite.
• Candidiasis is a fungal infection that not only causes redness on the nipples, but is also transmitted to the baby during breastfeeding.

If the woman is not a nursing mother, then the reason may be hidden in incorrectly selected underwear. Synthetic fabric and a small bra size can cause redness near the nipple and also cause the development of many diseases. Carefully select the size of your underwear and opt for products made from natural fabrics.

Allergic reactions are also a common cause of red nipples. First of all, it is necessary to identify the allergen and eliminate it from everyday life. For this purpose, it is recommended to visit an allergist.

The most common allergens are:

• Food
• synthetic fabric from which clothing and underwear are made
• aerosols for armpits;
• laundry detergent/fabric softener
• body creams

In any case, you need to consult a specialist who will help you get rid of discomfort and understand the reasons for its occurrence.

Pathologies

In addition to the harmless reasons associated with lactation and allergens, there are a number of pathological processes also characterized by reddened and sore nipples. It is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis based on just one symptom; to do this, it is necessary to carry out a number of diagnostic procedures to create the most complete picture of the disease.

Symptoms

Symptoms directly depend on the causes of redness. Each individual pathology has its own characteristics, which can only be recognized by an experienced specialist.

The symptoms are as follows:

• Breast injuries – itching, redness, and sometimes pain.
• Inflammation of the Montgomery tubercles - itching, burning and increased sensitivity.
• Hepatic infection - rash in the form of blisters, itching, redness, pain, burning, general malaise.
• Candidiasis – pain, redness, white coating, cracks, itching, ulcers.
• Eczema - severe itching, burning, ulcers and cracks.
• Paget's cancer - redness, pain, itching, burning, discharge, tightness in the chest.
• Dermatitis - cracks, swelling, erosion of the skin.

If, in addition to redness, your nipples hurt or sores and cracks appear on them, as well as any of the above symptoms, you should urgently visit a doctor for further diagnosis and timely treatment.

Diagnostics

Diagnostic procedures are carried out only after an initial examination by a doctor. The specialist will listen to complaints, conduct an examination and refer you for further diagnostics in order to make a diagnosis.

The diagnostic procedure includes:

1. History - the patient is questioned regarding redness of the nipples, as well as external examination and palpation. Having collected the necessary information, the doctor makes a decision regarding further examination.
2. Ultrasound of the mammary glands is necessary when lumps are detected in the breast; it helps to determine its presence, location, nature and stage of development.
3. Biopsy – only required if nipple carcinoma is suspected. It is carried out by taking biomaterial with a needle and examining it for the presence of cancer cells.
4. A general blood and urine test helps identify the causative agent of the inflammatory process.
5. Allergen skin testing is only necessary to check for an allergic reaction or the presence of eczema.
6. Mammography can only be prescribed to representatives of the fair sex who have entered menopause, and in rare cases to young girls. Mammography allows you to determine the presence of a tumor, its location and stage of development.
7. MRI – used to monitor changes in the breast area, as well as determine the type of tumor detected.

The use of instrumental diagnostics is necessary only in cases where there is a suspicion of nipple cancer. Timely diagnosis and treatment help increase the chances of a complete cure, as well as reduce the risk of relapses.

Treatment and prevention

To begin effective treatment, you will first need to identify the cause.

Common causes and methods of their treatment:

1. Allergies – initially you will need to get tested and identify the allergen. In the future, you should avoid any contact with him. Food allergies require a complete overhaul of your diet and a special diet. Usually, eliminating the allergen acts as a treatment. Sometimes the doctor prescribes antihistamines in various pharmacological forms.
2. Mastopathy, mastitis – physiotherapeutic treatment in combination with tablets and external preparations is necessary. Such therapy allows you to get rid of the disease in the shortest possible time.
3. Candidiasis - first of all, it is necessary to relieve such unpleasant symptoms as burning and itching. For this purpose, medications are required to relieve irritation. Drugs are also prescribed to help activate the immune system and eliminate candida. A special diet is introduced. If not only the mother, but also the child is infected, then both will need treatment.
4. Tumor – surgery is most often used in combination with chemotherapy, radiation or hormonal therapy. The set of procedures directly depends on the severity of the disease.
5. Cracks - usually occur during breastfeeding. For prevention, it is necessary to carry out preliminary preparation of the mammary glands, and also avoid washing the skin of the breast with soap. Treatment consists of following feeding rules, using antiseptic and wound-healing agents. All medications for skin restoration must be agreed upon with a doctor.

You should not self-medicate or resort to traditional methods without first consulting a specialist - this can lead to a worsening of the condition. If your nipples hurt for a long time and there are other unpleasant symptoms, then a visit to the doctor should not be put off for a long time. Early diagnosis of serious pathologies allows you to get rid of the disease most effectively and quickly.

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Reddening of the nipples can be a signal with various etiologies.

An inflammatory process, mechanical injury, an allergic reaction, dermatitis, a symptom of lactostasis, as well as a sign of developing cancer pathology - this is not a complete list of causes of reddening of the nipple areola. In any case, this is not the norm for the condition of the mammary glands; only a doctor can determine and eliminate the cause of reddening of the nipples.

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ICD-10 code

N60-N64 Breast diseases

Causes of red nipples

The causes of reddening of the nipples are identified through timely consultation with a doctor (mammologist, gynecologist, obstetrician, oncologist). The symptom itself - redness of the nipples - is not always basic for determining the disease, so a woman needs an examination, a consultation and, possibly, some types of diagnostics related to instrumental examination and tests. The most common causes of reddening of the nipple areola are:

• If a woman is breastfeeding, the most common reasons are:
  1. Mechanical injury to the nipple. This may be due to the baby’s incorrect position when feeding, the child’s bite forming incorrectly, or wearing uncomfortable underwear.
  2. When breastfeeding, a common cause of reddened nipples is candidiasis, which develops simultaneously with the baby becoming infected with a fungal infection.
  3. Stagnation of mother's milk in the ducts of the mammary gland can also cause redness in the nipple area. Lactostasis is caused by a violation of the rhythm of the inflow and outflow of milk, redness is often caused by stagnation.
• If a woman is not in the category of women in labor, the cause of reddening of the nipples, first of all, should be sought in an incorrectly selected bra. Mechanical friction provokes skin irritation and hyperemia.
• The causes of reddening of the nipples may have an allergic etiology. In turn, an allergic reaction is a response to the following factors:
  1. Synthetic underwear.
  2. Linen washed with synthetic fragrances and washing powders.
  3. Allergy to aerosol anti-excessive sweating products.
  4. Irritation from low-quality body cream.
  5. Food allergies (the nipple areola rarely reacts to a similar factor).
• Impetigo scabiosa - impetigo or rash associated with staphylococcal infection. Impetigo in the nipple area is quite rare and most often this disease is preceded by dermatitis or even contact scabies.
• Inflammation of the gland of the areolares (Montgomery tubercles, glandulae areolares).
• Nipple psoriasis. This is an allergic autoimmune disease in nature, accompanied by burning, redness of the areola and the nipple itself. Reddish spots, as a rule, do not have clear outlines, and at the beginning of the disease may not cause discomfort (pain or itching).
• Herpes infection, most often it is HSV1 (herpes virus 1). Redness of the nipples quickly transforms into the formation of characteristic herpetic blisters.
• Periareolar atopic dermatitis, neurodermatitis.
• Eczema-like breast cancer. In 90-95%, Paget's disease is combined with another type of breast cancer. Most often, this disease is diagnosed in women of mature age, but in general, such neoplastic pathology is quite rare - no more than 5% of all detected breast cancers.

Pathogenesis

It is not possible to briefly describe the pathogenesis that would explain such a phenomenon as reddening of the nipples. The symptom itself cannot be considered an unconditional indicator of one specific disease. Therefore, we list the most serious nosologies, excluding mechanical injuries and physiological conditions, for example, those associated with childbirth and subsequent feeding of the child.

Symptoms of red nipples

Symptoms of reddening of the nipples can be considered one of the signals of the disease, but most often it is associated with physiological changes in a woman’s life, that is, either with pregnancy or with childbirth and the subsequent process of feeding the child. Oncopathology can also manifest itself as redness of the areola or the nipple itself, but this is extremely rare.

The most common symptoms are associated with the following conditions:

1. Inflammatory process in the Montgomery tubercles. These are specific glands that are considered vestigial. The bumps become noticeable during pregnancy and become inflamed, painful and may become red due to inflammation. In this case, the skin in the area around the nipple becomes very sensitive, any irritation causes itching.
2. Eczema of the nipples (or eczema of the pigmented area of ​​the nipples). The skin in this area becomes inflamed; foci of a characteristic red color, covered with a scaly crust, are visually noted. Symptoms of reddened nipples are accompanied by severe itching and burning. The development of the process leads to the appearance of cracks and weeping ulcers.
3. Herpetic infection. Symptoms of redness, blistering rashes, itching, pain, burning - all this can affect the nipples and the nipple area. The rash has the form of vesicles and is accompanied by severe itching, hyperemia, and a general poor condition of the patient.
4. Nipple areola dermatitis. The process has clear boundaries, the redness of the nipples looks like a symmetrical circle. The skin is swollen, often eroded, exudation is observed, cracks are covered with a weeping crust.
5. Candidiasis or nipple thrush. This condition is characterized by general nervousness; the nursing mother quickly gets tired. Redness of the nipples can be considered the first signal of the development of the process, then a white coating, cracks, weeping sores, itching and pain appear.
6. Mechanical irritation of the skin around the nipples. Symptoms of redness are a consequence of wearing uncomfortable underwear that irritates delicate skin. The sensation is rarely painful, most often the redness is accompanied by mild itching.
7. Nipple cancer or Paget's cancer. Symptoms of eczema-like cancer do not always appear early in the process. Therefore, any discomfort in the area of ​​the areola or the nipple itself should alert the woman and give her a reason to consult a doctor. Redness, less often itching, burning or pain is already an alarming sign. In most cases, the disease begins with small lumps in the mammary gland; they do not cause pain or discomfort. The hyperemic area near the nipple may look like eczema, and uncharacteristic discharge from the nipples is also present. As a rule, Paget's cancer is diagnosed in women over 50-55 years of age during routine examinations.

For any disturbing symptoms, including reddening of the nipples, a woman needs to determine the cause as quickly as possible by consulting a doctor and a full breast examination.

Redness around the nipple

Redness around the nipple, which is not associated with serious pathology, is most often the result of irritation during breastfeeding, and is a physiological postpartum discomfort. However, we should not forget about the danger of other diseases that a mammologist, dermatologist or obstetrician-gynecologist can determine.

We list the reasons that can cause redness around the nipple:

• Eczema of the nipple. Redness is the initial stage and does not last long. The process develops quite quickly and is accompanied by the appearance of hyperemic skin lesions. The patient feels severe itching and burning with any touch or mechanical effect on the skin of the chest. Characteristic signs of eczema, in addition to redness around the nipple, can be considered small rashes (papules), they often burst, releasing exudate. The skin in the area of ​​eczematous lesions is swollen, cracks are covered with weeping crusts.
• Mechanical damage in the form of cracked nipples. Redness as the first stage of the condition turns into bleeding cracks, which is inevitably accompanied by pain. Advanced forms of mechanical trauma to the nipple are potentially dangerous and can lead to an inflammatory process and increased temperature. Most often, this phenomenon is typical for the postpartum period, when a woman feeds a baby without first preparing the mammary glands. Also, the cause may be the incorrect position of the baby during feeding, or the bite of the teeth of a growing child. Cracks are dangerous because any infection can get into small wounds and infect not only the mother’s body, but also the baby. In addition, redness of the nipples and further inflammation provoke damage to the subcutaneous tissue and capillaries. Infiltration of the inflammatory process inside is a risk of developing mastitis.
• Thrush is also accompanied not only by itching and burning, but also by redness of the nipples during the initial period of development of fungal skin lesions. Later, after hyperemia, the woman experiences a painful sensation, especially while feeding the baby. The skin of the nipples acquires a characteristic red color with a white coating, is shiny and very irritated.
• Redness around one nipple while the other is absolutely healthy and unchanged is a serious symptom that indicates a risk of cancer. Paget's cancer often does not show clinical signs in the initial stage; the pathology can be determined even when there is redness of the nipple and irritation of the skin of the areola. Most often, this disease affects one breast, but in the practice of doctors, there are also bilateral cases. A burning sensation around the nipple, serous discharge, or a change in the shape of the nipple is a reason to immediately consult a doctor.

Redness near the nipple

Redness near the nipple is not necessarily a symptom of a serious illness. In most cases, this is irritation of the areola (the area near the nipple). A mechanical reason (tight underwear), injury (bruise, fall) and other “everyday” factors can cause temporary redness of the nipples. Redness also occurs in nursing mothers if they have not prepared the mammary glands in time for the feeding process. However, hyperemia and redness near the nipples can be a cause for concern, and this is due to the following reasons:

• Redness near the nipple associated with pregnancy. During this period, many systems of a woman’s body change their mode of functioning. Pain, changes in the color of the areola and nipple are considered completely acceptable, transient physiological phenomena. Typically, the first symptoms of changes in the mammary gland occur 2-3 weeks after conception; due to hormonal changes, general sensitivity increases, breast tissue and ducts begin to “prepare” for childbirth. Any friction (uncomfortable clothes, underwear), mechanical irritation (carefully performed hygienic procedures) can cause both hyperemia and pain.
• Redness may form near the nipple, and then weeping, pink blisters due to thrush. The areola looks like a solid irritated spot, the nipples swell and hurt. Candidiasis is usually associated with an existing fungal disease of a nursing mother (oral or vaginal candidiasis).
• Redness near the nipple can be caused by incorrect feeding technique, when the baby is applied to the breast in such a way that latching on the nipple causes injury to it.
• Mastitis is also a factor that causes redness near the nipple. This inflammatory process most often develops against the background of stagnation of breast milk (lactostasis). Signs of incipient mastitis are pain in all mammary glands, there may be redness near the nipple, and increased body temperature.
• Fibrocystic mastopathy periodically manifests itself with signs similar to mastitis. Pain appears in the chest and nipple area, the areola changes color and sensitivity. This disease is diagnosed in women before their monthly cycle (that is, not in pregnant women). The mammary gland increases significantly in size, the nipples also change shape, and the areola is slightly hyperemic.
• Redness of the nipples and the skin around them may be evidence of the onset of a tumor process. Often, oncology in women does not manifest itself symptomatically, neither pain nor other signs, and may only have visual signs. Any change in skin color near the nipple or deformation of the nipple itself should force the woman to immediately consult a doctor for a thorough examination and identification of the cause of the disease.

Nipple pain and redness

What can cause nipple pain and redness?

• Puberty of a girl. At puberty, the hormonal system is rebuilt in leaps and bounds, all organs associated with its functioning react to the slightest jump. Pain and redness of the nipple at this age can be considered a physiological norm if these symptoms are transient. Otherwise, the girl should consult a gynecologist.
• The period of menopause, during which hormonal levels affect the organs associated with it.
• Pregnancy. While waiting for the baby to be born, literally everything changes in the body of the expectant mother. Pain and redness of the nipple can be caused by increased sensitivity of the gland itself, a rush of blood and an increase in the size of the ducts. Elevated prolactin levels may also be the cause.
• PMS (premenstrual syndrome). Hormonal cyclic transformations provoke a temporary enlargement of the mammary gland, the nipple, as its most sensitive part, is the first to react to readiness for regulation. Pain and redness in such cases are considered physiologically acceptable and disappear with the onset of menstruation.
• The period of feeding a newborn. This is the time of “work” of the mammary glands as a whole; if they were not prepared in advance, then painful sensations in the nipples and redness can be a consequence. In addition, during the feeding period, pain in the nipples may occur due to the appearance of a “milk vesicle (blockage of the duct). In turn, blockage carries the risk of developing lactostasis. Therefore, persistent pain and redness of the nipple cannot be ignored; you should consult with an obstetrician, gynecologist and adjust feeding techniques (the technique of attaching the baby to the mammary gland).
• Cystic mastopathy is a benign formation in the mammary gland. Seals in the form of cysts, pain in the breasts and nipples, their possible redness, discharge from them, uncharacteristic of the physiological state of a woman - all these are symptoms of mastopathy. Of course, the diagnosis must be made by a doctor after examination.
• Purulent mastitis as an inflammatory process in acute form can also cause pain and redness of the nipples.
• Intraductal (intraductal) papilloma is a benign small-tumor process that can develop in women no older than 50-55 years. The first symptom is considered to be any amount of purulent discharge from the nipple, but secondary signs may also be pain at the site of papilloma growth, redness of the nipple areola and pain in the nipple itself.
• An inflammatory process in the milk duct not associated with pregnancy and childbirth - ectasia. Pain and redness in the nipple area are one of the clinical manifestations of inflammation.
• BC (breast cancer). To prevent the development of cancer, any discomfort in the chest area should be monitored and immediately consult a doctor. A painful symptom, redness of the nipple is not yet a diagnosis, but a possible sign of a developing pathological process.
• Psoriasis - redness and pain can be the initial signs of the disease, which is localized in the chest area.
• Herpetic viral infection in the mammary gland area most often affects the nipples. They develop rashes, specific characteristic blisters, pain appears, and the skin of the nipples acquires a bright red tint.

Redness of the nipple and thickening

Redness at the nipple and hardening can be caused by an accumulation of either lipid cells or a sign of an incipient purulent process, but it can also be a signal that an oncological process is developing in the mammary gland. As a clinical manifestation, redness of the nipple in combination with the dense structure of the breast is a reason to immediately consult a doctor and undergo a comprehensive examination.

We list some factors that can cause redness in the nipple area and hardening of the nipple itself:

• Atheroma or retention cyst of the sebaceous gland. The skin in the nipple areola is rich in glands, including sebaceous glands. In turn, the sebaceous glands constantly secrete a specific substance - sebaceous secretion. For various reasons, it is not completely removed from the gland and clogs the barely noticeable duct in the nipple area. The disease is not life-threatening for a woman; it is quite rare in the nipple area, but atheroma is prone to inflammation, can fester and often recurs.
• Another type of atheroma is galactocele or congestion and subsequent blockage of the milk duct in women who are breastfeeding.
• Cystadenopapilloma or intraductal papilloma. A small benign neoplasm that looks like a cyst. Such papillomas can form in all sectors of the breast and parts of the nipple where there are ducts. Papillary cystadenoma can be single (solitary) or multiple. If it is not treated promptly, papilloma can provoke an intraductal cancer process. Therefore, thickening and redness of the nipple is a signal to begin examination and treatment.
• Fibrocystic mastopathy can also cause pain and redness in the nipple. The disease is characterized by the fact that a woman begins to examine (palpate) the breast on her own and discovers a lump in one of the sectors, perhaps closer to the nipple. These manifestations require medical consultation, diagnosis and treatment.
• Hardening and redness of the nipple often appear in breastfeeding women. This condition is considered transient and associated with incorrect feeding techniques, as well as with natural hormonal changes in the body.
• Pregnancy can be a factor that provokes redness, enlargement of the mammary glands and the nipples themselves. Nipples may become tighter and more sensitive. These are acceptable symptoms of a general restructuring of the expectant mother’s systems.
• Mastitis. In addition to a hyperemic nipple, pain and a clearly palpable lump, mastitis can be accompanied by high body temperature, headache and general malaise. Treatment consists of neutralizing stagnant processes in the lymphatic system and in the mammary gland as a whole.

Itching and redness of the nipples

Itching and redness of the nipples is an uncomfortable and disturbing condition for women. If the redness of the nipple is accompanied by a burning sensation, itching, then we can safely speak at least about the reaction of specific neurons of the ANS (autonomic nervous system) to an irritating factor. The specific cause of itching and redness of the nipples is determined by a doctor - mammologist, gynecologist or dermatologist.

If the symptoms are transient and disappear with a simple change of synthetic underwear or clothing to cotton, comfortable products, then the itching was most likely caused by excessive dryness of the delicate skin of the nipple and irritation.

In addition, itching, burning and redness of the nipples may indicate dermatitis. Dermatitis, in turn, is divided into several types:

• Neurodermatitis, allergic dermatitis.
• Simple dermatitis (artificial) - develops only at the site of contact with the irritant.

It is quite easy to distinguish between these skin diseases, especially in the initial stages.

1. Contact (simple) dermatitis is characterized by a clear localization of symptoms, that is, itching and redness of the nipples will only be at the site of contact with the irritant. If such dermatitis is not treated promptly, cracks may form on the nipples and an inflammatory, often purulent, process may develop.
2. An allergic reaction to the skin of the nipples is characterized by a brighter, red color. Specific bubbles (vesicles) appear on the skin of the nipple, which are very itchy when opened.

Redness and itching can also be symptoms of developing nipple eczema.

How to identify signs of eczema?

• Redness, erythema, itching.
• The formation of small papules (specific nodules) and scales on the skin of the nipple.
• Papules transform into blisters filled with fluid (vesicles).
• The liquid in the vesicles becomes purulent, the bubbles pass into the pustular stage.
• The blistering formations become wet, the redness increases, the skin of the nipple becomes inflamed and becomes crusty.
• The process of a peculiar restoration of the skin in eczema is characterized by the formation of scales and keratinized elements.

Atypical coloration of the nipples and itching may be due to the following reasons:

• fungal infection of the skin, most often this happens during breastfeeding in the presence of Candida albicans fungi in the baby’s oral cavity.
• expansion of the ducts of the mammary gland (breast), when in addition to hyperemia in the areola, the woman notices discharge, swelling and deformation of the nipple.

It should be noted that redness and itching of the nipples is one of the signs of an oncological process - nipple cancer (Paget's cancer), therefore, when the first disturbing symptoms appear, a woman must exclude such a serious, life-threatening disease.

Redness of the nipple areola

Redness of the nipple areola can be a normal, physiological phenomenon, provided that hormonal changes occur in the woman’s body - pregnancy, menopause. The areola is the skin surrounding the nipple; the color of the skin can vary from red to dark brown. Pigmentation is the “work” of melanin, which in turn also consists of several components - pheomelanin and zumelin, their ratio affects the shade of the nipple areola.

The color of the nipple areola depends on many factors:

• Genetic factor.
• Woman's age.
• Nationality.
• Taking certain medications (tetracycline group or salicylates).
• The onset of menstruation.
• Pregnancy.
• Puberty.
• Climax.
• Dermatological diseases.
• Viral, bacterial infections.
• Oncopathology.

Let's take a closer look at the most common reasons that cause redness of the nipple areola:

1. Pregnancy and changes in the color of the nipple itself, including the areola, are the most common causes. Redness of the areola can be caused by the intense production of melanocytes, which are also interconnected with the hormonal system.
2. Elementary irritation of the skin around the nipple. The reason is improper attachment of the baby to the breast during feeding and injury to the delicate skin of the areola.
3. Using an incorrectly selected breast pump while feeding a newborn baby.
4. Often, redness of the nipple areola is caused by a rather joyful event in the life of mother and baby associated with the eruption of the first teeth. Inevitable irritation of the nipples and the skin around them is a kind of “payment” for the baby’s growing up. Fortunately, this period does not last long, and the baby grows up, and the nursing mother, as a rule, quickly adapts to the new feeding technique
5. Intoxication of the whole body, often drug-induced. If a woman suffers from any chronic disease and takes a course of medications from the tetracycline group for a long time, one of the side effects of the drugs may be redness of the nipple areola as an allergic reaction.
6. Candidiasis during feeding of a newborn baby. Symptoms of candidiasis infection are typical - redness of the nipple, surrounding tissues, cracks, itching. You should also pay attention to the baby’s oral cavity; as a rule, candidiasis is found in both mother and child.
7. Eczema is a fairly rare disease in the mammary glands. However, advanced cases can give similar symptoms when eczematous inflammation affects both the nipple and areola
8. Herpes. A viral infection most often manifests itself in the nipple area, but the areola can also be subject to a pathological process and change its color.
9. Atopic dermatitis in combination with dry skin of the nipple and areola is characterized by typical redness, itching and the appearance of microcracks on the nipple.
10. Breast cancer. Redness of the nipple and its areola are very similar to signs of eczema or psoriasis. Early symptoms of cancer are not very apparent externally, which is why it is dangerous. Therefore, if there are any atypical manifestations on the breasts, nipples, or areolas, a woman should consult a doctor as soon as possible to rule out oncology or begin treating it at an early stage. Paget's cancer can appear in three forms:
    • Discoloration and dermatological symptoms in the nipple-areolar area.
    • Redness of the nipple areola combined with a change in shape.
    • Oncological process in the mammary gland itself without clinical manifestations in the area of ​​the nipple and areola. Redness and burning in the nipple and surrounding tissues are usually a sign of an advanced process.

It should also be noted that Paget's cancer almost never affects both breasts. If redness of the areola, itching, and pain are observed only on one breast, it is necessary to immediately be examined and begin treatment.

Reddening of the nipples during pregnancy

During pregnancy, reddening of the nipples is considered a normal change associated with the restructuring of the entire body and the hormonal system in particular.

Most often, it is not the nipple itself that changes color, but its areola, which becomes darker, sometimes almost brown. Redness of the nipples and areola is explained by an increase in the production of a specific protective pigment - melanin. In turn, the production of that pigment is needed to prepare the mammary glands for the process of lactation, for feeding. The degree of color change and timing depend on the trimester of pregnancy, most often this occurs in the middle of the period. Closer to childbirth, as the mammary glands enlarge and the physiologically explainable stretching of the horse's coat, the nipple and areolas acquire their normal, previous color. Reddening of the nipples can “bypass” a pregnant woman, just like pigmentation of the skin on other parts of the body (chloasma), it all depends on genetic predisposition and other individual characteristics.

What exactly happens to the mammary gland during pregnancy?

• Increasing the brightness of the color of the nipple and its areola.
• A so-called secondary areola may appear, containing Montgomery glands (tubercles that disappear over time after childbirth).

What symptoms may accompany reddened nipples during pregnancy?

• Minor painful sensations associated with enlargement of both the breast and nipple.
• Often the skin of the nipples itches and itches, this is caused by growth, enlargement of the mammary gland and stretching of the delicate skin.
• Changing the size and shape of the nipples.
• The skin on your nipples may become drier and more prone to cracking. This condition needs to be treated with harmless, neutral moisturizing creams and ointments.
• The nipple areola may be slightly darker than the nipple itself.
• The skin of the nipples becomes more sensitive and reacts to any irritation factor. However, it is during this period that a woman needs to prepare her breasts and nipples for the period of feeding the baby, so there is no need to fear that the sensations will worsen. On the contrary, the mammary glands should be “trained” by performing the procedures recommended by the doctor.

What symptoms should an expectant mother immediately consult a doctor for?

• If reddening of the nipples during pregnancy is accompanied by persistent severe pain.
• If the local temperature of the skin changes upward (skin becomes hot, dry).
• If redness of the nipples is accompanied by uncharacteristic discharge from them.
• If pain in the nipple area is localized only on one breast.
• When the redness of the nipple is accompanied by the appearance of vesicles, papules.

In general, redness and enlargement of the nipples can be one of the first signs of conception, which is not only a normal phenomenon, but for many women a reason for joy in connection with the anticipation of the birth of a baby.

Reddening of the nipples during feeding

When breastfeeding, reddening of the nipples is considered a fairly common occurrence. In most cases, this is due to improper preparation of the breast during pregnancy, the individual characteristics of the skin of the mammary glands, as well as non-compliance with feeding techniques.

Let's look at how the process of feeding a baby occurs in order to better understand how to avoid reddening of the nipples during feeding.

The production of breast milk is the process of active formation of a specific secretory fluid. In order to have enough milk, the mammary gland enlarges during pregnancy and its blood supply increases. The skin of the nipple is characterized by the presence of smooth fibers, which are also supplied with blood flow, so the nipple is capable of secreting not only breast milk after childbirth, but also various types of secretory fluid outside of pregnancy or the feeding period. During the feeding stage, the nipple is subjected to additional stress, becomes denser, thickens, and due to these changes its color also changes. Such phenomena are considered acceptable if the skin of the nipple remains elastic, does not become cracked and, in principle, does not cause the woman any discomfort.

In addition, changes in women who give birth for the first time and in those who are included in the category of multiparous women differ both in appearance and in the activity of manifestations.

1. The first birth - the growth of milk ducts, a change in the shape of the breast nipple, local pigmentation develops more actively, but at the end of the feeding period it also quickly recovers, returning almost to the original parameters.
2. Repeated births - changes in the breasts and nipples induced by pregnancy occur slowly, and partially remain after the end of feeding.
3. The third and subsequent births are characterized by the fact that reddening of the nipples, enlargement of the mammary glands, and pigmentation can remain unchanged for quite a long time (for some women, the changes are permanent).

Other factors can cause reddening of the nipples during feeding:

• Abrasions and cracks are inevitably accompanied by reddening of the nipples during feeding. The cause may be abnormalities in the shape of the nipple itself (flat), dry skin, or incorrect technique for applying the baby to the mammary gland. Cracks heal quite quickly with proper treatment; advanced conditions can lead to infection and inflammation.
• Lactostasis. This is not a pathology, not a disease, but a stagnant process, a blockage of the duct. The causes of lactostasis can be different, but the symptoms are typical - pain, a feeling of heaviness in the mammary gland, increased body temperature, there may be redness of the nipples, and local lumps are detected on palpation. Conditions of milk stagnation can lead to an inflammatory process, including mastitis. Therefore, if any signs of lactostasis appear, a nursing mother needs to self-massage her breasts, or even better, consult a doctor.
• Reddening of the nipples during feeding in combination with changes in the areola, breast swelling, and pain may indicate mastitis or mastopathy. With mastopathy, redness of the nipples can be combined with their slight retraction, but without obvious changes in shape.
• An allergic reaction in the presence of a history of allergies in a nursing mother. Reddening of the nipples during feeding with allergies is a reason to consult a doctor, temporarily stop feeding and receive adequate treatment, taking into account the fact that the need to feed the baby should come first (taking antihistamines is undesirable, the woman’s diet should be reviewed, the trigger should be found and eliminated reactions).
• If a woman uses a low-quality breast pump, redness of the nipple and areola can also be explained by this factor.
• Candidiasis, which is characterized by redness in the nipple area, pain, itching and inflammation of the areola. Thrush, as a rule, also affects the child; often it is candidiasis of the infant’s oral cavity that causes reddening of the mother’s nipples.
• Very rarely, redness of the nipples and areola during breastfeeding may indicate Paget's cancer. This disease is quite rare among breast diseases in pregnant and lactating women.

Complications and consequences

The consequences of red nipples depend on the cause and severity of the condition.

If reddening of the nipples is associated with physiological changes - pregnancy, menopause, breastfeeding, the consequences do not bother the woman because there are practically none. The red tint of the nipples and areola, as a rule, disappears, giving way to the usual color of the skin.

An exception may be the second or third pregnancy, when the hormonal background is transformed as usual and the production of pigment (melanin) is consolidated.

However, symptoms not diagnosed in a timely manner and not adequately treated can lead to serious illnesses, including cancer.

We list some of the most dangerous consequences for a woman’s health:

• Melanoma of the nipple, the symptoms of which are very similar to ordinary dermatitis. In addition to redness of the nipples, there may be itching, irritation of the skin of the areola, and peeling. Often a woman begins to treat her nipples, believing that she will neutralize a transient allergic reaction. The result can really be achieved; the symptoms subside for just a few days, but then return and get worse. Recurrences of reddening of the nipples, peeling of the skin become more frequent, pain, burning sensations in the nipple and atypical discharge from it appear. The diagnosis of an oncological process is refuted or confirmed by a biopsy. The consequences of a disease not detected in a timely manner can be disastrous, therefore, if any alarming signs appear in the breast area, a woman should consult a doctor and begin treatment immediately.
• Nipple cancer or Paget's cancer. In the advanced stage, the areola changes color, the skin becomes dark red, peels, and becomes covered with a characteristic crust. Nipple cancer most often affects one breast; this is its specific symptom. Therefore, if a woman notices redness of the nipple on only one breast, contacting a mammologist or oncologist should be immediate. A timely diagnosed disease and initiated therapy significantly increases the chances of recovery and reduces the risk of negative consequences.
• Mastopathy. Its consequences are the return of symptoms, that is, relapses, as well as the risk of developing breast cancer. The severity of the consequences is directly related to the etiology of the disease. If the cause of mastopathy is hormonal imbalances in combination with thyroid dysfunction, then treatment should be comprehensive. Without the use of specific drugs to normalize the functioning of the thyroid gland, relapses are almost inevitable. If mastopathy develops in the form of nodes, there is a high risk of the disease developing into an oncological process. It is believed that reddening of the nipples is not the main sign of mastopathy, but it may be a signal that the pathology is reaching a critical stage. It is possible to prevent serious consequences only through regular breast examinations by a mammologist and timely initiation of adequate treatment.
• Eczema, neurodermatitis of the nipple. Its consequences often bring psychological discomfort, as the color, sometimes the shape and appearance of the nipple and areola are disturbed. For a woman, this not entirely aesthetic spectacle can be a reason for a low mood, even depressive. In such cases, it is necessary to reduce the level of anxiety through education about the consequences of nipple eczema. In fact, with complex treatment and compliance with all medical recommendations, the skin is restored quite quickly, and the redness of the nipples goes away. If neurodermatitis occurs over a long period of time in a severe form, or recurs, you can correct the appearance of the nipple and areola after treatment using cosmetic procedures or plastic surgery. The consequences of nipple eczema really don’t look very nice, but they are not life-threatening and can be corrected.

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Complications

Complications with reddening of the nipples are usually an advanced form of cancer. All other types of complications are not threatening, although they can cause quite unpleasant sensations, discomfort and are not visually aesthetically pleasing. If you start treating reddened nipples in time, properly care for your skin, follow all the doctor’s recommendations and maintain personal hygiene, complications can be corrected, and difficult cases can be corrected with the help of cosmetic procedures or minimally invasive surgeries.

What can cause complications: and what they can be:

• Thrush. A complication can be considered interruption of the baby's feeding, as well as quite deep erosive damage to the skin of the nipples, of course, if the disease is diagnosed late and is not treated adequately.
• Milk ducts may become clogged if nipple redness is a symptom of mastitis. Changing the feeding regimen can help reduce the severity of the complication; it must be agreed with the attending physician. Blockage is not considered a serious consequence, but it leads to a refusal to breastfeed, and this, in turn, is undesirable for the baby (everyone knows that mother’s milk is the best way to strengthen the immune and other systems of a newborn baby).
• Cracks in the skin of the nipples are also fraught with complications. An infection that penetrates the wound surface causes an inflammatory process in the nipple. The inflammation itself is potentially dangerous and carries the risk of inflammation of the entire breast (mastitis). In addition, Candida enters the nipple through cracks, so there is a “field” for the development of thrush, which is treated comprehensively - therapy is indicated for both mother and child.
• Mastitis, which may cause reddening of the nipples, should be considered separately. Complications of mastitis are the infiltration form of the disease, and purulent mastitis is also possible. All such complications are dangerous due to inflammation of the lymph nodes; extreme forms of complications are phlegmon or a gangrenous process.
• If reddening of the nipples cannot be treated, or the woman does not pay attention to the symptom and pushes the condition of the breast skin to an extreme degree, infection, even an abscess, is possible. Complications associated with suppuration are fraught with surgical intervention and a corresponding recovery period after it.
• Sepsis. This complication is extremely rare, but it should be mentioned. Septic intoxication of the body is a consequence of an extremely advanced infectious process
• Pagett's cancer. Oncological process.

Diagnosis of red nipples

Diagnosis of red nipples begins with a woman contacting a doctor. Next comes the standard procedure, which is performed by any professional doctor:

• Interviewing the patient, collecting anamnesis. Reddening of the nipples is a sign that cannot be considered the only clinical manifestation of one disease. A gynecologist or mammologist may ask when the redness of the nipple or areola first appeared, what discomfort accompanies this symptom, and under what circumstances the redness of the nipples occurred.
• Examination (palpation) of the breast. In this way, the doctor checks the breast for the presence or absence of tumor processes, lumps and other signs of serious pathology. Palpation examination is not the only examination method, therefore, having identified an alarming symptom, the doctor may prescribe additional diagnostic procedures.
• Ultrasound of the mammary glands to clarify the location of the lump, its shape and stage of development.
• According to indications, a biopsy may be prescribed; it is necessary if Paget's cancer is suspected. Atypical cells can be identified in the skin material, and fluid secreted from the nipple is also collected for examination under a microscope.
• If the redness of the nipples is caused by an inflammatory process, the woman may be prescribed blood and urine tests to identify the causative agent of inflammation.
• It is quite difficult to diagnose reddened nipples when eczema is suspected. The process often develops quickly, and the woman does not immediately consult a doctor, trying to cure the problem on her own. When visiting a gynecologist, the patient demonstrates her nipples in such a way that the inflammation can be considered polymorphic, that is, the symptoms indicate several possible causes. To specify the diagnosis, a blood test or skin tests for allergens are prescribed to rule out an allergic reaction.

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Analyzes

Tests for reddened nipples are usually not required. Most often, it is enough for the doctor to collect an anamnesis (information about the occurrence of the symptom), examination and observation of treatment over time. However, there are reasons that cause redness. irritation of the skin of the nipples, which need clarification.

What tests may be prescribed:

• Blood test for hormones. Often changes in hormonal levels provoke pathological processes in the mammary glands and, as one of the symptoms of the disease, reddening of the nipples
• Blood test to determine the causative agent of the inflammatory process.
• A blood test to identify the causative agent of a bacterial infection.
• Allergic reactions that cause redness of the skin of the breast, nipples or areola require identification of the specific allergen. A woman may be prescribed allergy tests - both through skin and blood tests.
• If a nursing mother notices signs of thrush in her baby and herself, which is characterized by specific symptoms, including reddening of the nipples, the doctor may prescribe a test to determine the type of candidiasis infection.
• In case of a herpetic rash, it is recommended to donate blood for examination and identification of the type of herpes.
• If an oncological process is suspected, the patient is prescribed tests for tumor markers.
• For intraductal papilloma, both hardware diagnostics (ultrasound, mammography) and tests (immunoenzyme test, general blood test, analysis to specify metabolic disorders) can be prescribed.

Also, if the nipples are red, the list of comprehensive examination includes standard tests - CBC (complete blood count), biochemical analysis, liver test analysis and other clinical blood tests.

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Instrumental diagnostics

Instrumental diagnostics for reddened nipples are prescribed as a way to specify the diagnosis. Reddening of the nipples can be a sign of many diseases, therefore, in addition to examination and blood tests, the doctor needs additional information and information.

What types of instrumental diagnostics are used in diagnosing the symptom - reddening of the nipples?

1. Ultrasound of the mammary glands to identify or exclude hidden tumor processes, as well as clarify the location, shape, size of lumps (cysts, neoplasms).
2. Mammography is a specific instrumental method designed to study exclusively the mammary glands.
3. MRI - magnetic resonance imaging to visually clarify changes in the shape and size of the nipples, as well as to specify the type of tumor.
4. Ultrasound imaging to visualize the condition of the mammary ducts and the vascular system, which provides nutrition to the mammary gland tissue.
5. Biopsy. Analysis of tissue material of the mammary gland or nipple to identify atypical (cancerous) cells, their type, number. Biopsy as a method of instrumental diagnostics makes it possible to differentiate the tumor process and prescribe adequate, effective treatment.

Instrumental diagnosis of reddened nipples is needed to exclude or confirm Paget's cancer. Timely detection of oncological pathology significantly increases the chances of recovery in general, and also affects the patient’s quality of life even in the most severe stages of breast cancer.

Accurate diagnosis allows you to differentiate the type, severity of the disease, the risk of development and spread of the process to nearby areas of the mammary gland, lymph nodes and organs. Mammography, MRI, ultrasound, immunohistochemical scrapings (cytology) - this is not a complete list of instrumental methods that help the doctor make an accurate diagnosis and begin treatment.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis for reddened nipples is necessary to specify the cause of the symptom and prescribe effective treatment. This is especially important if a mammologist or gynecologist suspects the development of an oncological process in the mammary gland. Pagett's cancer has a characteristic feature - changes in the shape and color of the nipple. The sooner the correct diagnosis is made for such a pathology, the more successful the complex therapy is and the greater the chances of a positive result.

What is the differential diagnosis for Paget's cancer?

• Collect information about the onset of symptoms, the circumstances of their appearance, and general health, including the presence of chronic diseases.
• Examination of the mammary glands, palpation.
• Ultrasound examination of the breast.
• Mammographic examination.
• The study of tissue material (nipple skin, adjacent area - areola) is a histological or cytological analysis. Cytology involves taking tissue or discharge from the nipple and examining the print using a special glass. The analysis technique is quite simple in contrast to further actions and interpretation of the result. The glass is applied to the affected area of ​​the skin of the nipple, the resulting imprint is stained and examined microscopically. Histology differs from the cytomethod in that tissue material is obtained using a special needle. Local anesthesia is administered, tissue is removed with a needle and then examined using a microscope. Diagnostic material can be obtained directly from the tissue of the nipple, areola, and from nearby lymph nodes, if the disease is advanced and develops for a long time.
• Immunological tests are needed to detect oncoprotein compounds and cytokeratin. This allows you to confirm or completely exclude breast cancer, as well as clarify the stage of development of Paget's cancer.

If, during examination, in addition to reddening of the nipples, the doctor finds clinical signs of neurodermatitis, eczema or psoriasis, differential diagnosis may include examination of the tissue for the detection of infectious pathogens. Such actions are necessary to clarify the diagnosis and prevent secondary inflammatory process in the mammary gland. In addition, redness, irritation, and itching in the nipple area can be a signal of allergies, retention hyperkeratosis of the nipple, lichen, impetigo, or a more serious pathology, such as melanoma. Differentiation is an opportunity to eliminate medical errors, select medications and methods for treatment, and restore a woman’s feeling of comfort and health in general.

Differential diagnosis distinguishes the following diseases:

• Eczema.
• Intraductal papilloma.
• Pityriasis versicolor.
• Milkman's nipple.
• Dermatitis.
• Eczema.
• Squamous cell carcinoma.
• Paget's cancer.
• Mastitis.
• Allergy.

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Treatment for red nipples

Treatment of nipple redness is directly related to the etiology of the underlying disease.

The most common causes of red nipples and standard treatments:

1. Cracked nipples. This skin condition is usually diagnosed in breastfeeding women. The most effective way to quickly cure cracked nipple skin is to pre-prepare the mammary glands for feeding. Prevention of the disease significantly prevents the development of deep erosive processes. Even if cracks appear, they do not cause discomfort, do not interfere with the feeding regimen and heal successfully. Treatment for reddened nipples due to cracks involves careful breast care, treating the nipples with antiseptic agents, following a diet, and most importantly, changing the feeding schedule and technique. External medications are prescribed by the attending physician; these can be anti-inflammatory solutions, moisturizing lotions, creams and antibacterial ointments.
2. Thrush. Redness of the skin of the nipple or areola is accompanied by severe itching, so treatment necessarily includes products that relieve irritation. In addition, the woman’s diet must be changed, drugs are prescribed that activate the immune system and eliminate the cause - infection of the body with candida. It should also be taken into account that thrush almost always affects both the mother and the newborn baby, so both the woman and the baby are treated.
3. Allergy. First of all, the causes of the allergic reaction are neutralized. After diagnosis, when the allergen is identified, all risks of contact with it are eliminated. If reddening of the nipples is caused by a food allergen, the system and diet change. Elimination of an aggressive allergenic agent allows you to quickly eliminate the external clinical manifestations of the disease and prevent their occurrence in the future. Antihistamines can be prescribed, both in the form of external agents and in tablet form.
4. Tumor processes in the breast, in which reddening of the nipple is considered one of the clinical manifestations of Paget's cancer, are subject to complex treatment. Therapy and procedures are prescribed by an oncologist. Surgical intervention is indicated for a certain degree of severity of the process, when the operation stops the development of the spread of atypical cells.
5. Mastopathy, mastitis, in addition to external preparations and medications in the form of tablets, are also treated with physiotherapeutic procedures. Physiotherapy allows you to resolve congestion in the mammary glands and speed up recovery.

Women who experience reddening of their nipples often resort to traditional methods of treatment. Such methods can indeed be effective, provided that they are recommended by a doctor. Self-medication and breast diseases are unacceptable, especially considering that breast cancer is still the leader among all cancer pathologies in women aged 20-25 to 55 years.

Medicines

Medicines that are prescribed for reddened nipples can be either external or in the form of tablets. The category and classification of drugs depends on the cause of the disease, just like the entire treatment system. We list the most common medications that can reduce the intensity of the symptom and provide a therapeutic effect.

• For cracked nipples, medications are prescribed externally. These may be ointments containing non-aggressive anti-inflammatory substances, taking into account the fact that cracks most often occur in breastfeeding mothers. Here is a list of the most popular remedies for treating cracks:
  • Lanovit.
  • Solcoseryl.
  • Avent.
  • Bepanten.
  • Ointments containing beta-carotene or tocopherol.
  • Dexpanthenol.
  • Cream-balm for healing cracked nipples.
  • Desitin.
  • Sudocrem.
  • Lanovit.
  • Retinoic ointment.
  • We see.
  • Vulnuzan.
  • Actovegin in gel form.
  • Chlorophyllipt solution.
• Nipple eczema requires long-term persistent treatment, since eczematous dermatitis is allergic in nature. Medicines prescribed for eczema may be:
  • Prednisolone, which has antiallergic, antipruritic, anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Hydrocortisone ointment. An effective medicine for allergic eczema. The ointment has its contraindications, so it is not recommended to use it on its own
  • Dermasan, an effective drug, if neurodermatitis, eczema is diagnosed for the first time and at the initial stage of development.
  • Since reddening of the nipples with eczema is accompanied by severe itching and a deterioration in general well-being, patients may be prescribed tranquilizers and antidepressants.
  • Etimizole, which has antihistamine and anti-inflammatory effects.

Severe stages of nipple eczema require the use of corticosteroid hormonal medications. All types of eczematous dermatitis require medications that have an immunomodulatory effect:

• Thrush on the nipples is treated with drugs of the antifungal group - fluconazole, diflucan and from the variety. Medicines are selected and prescribed by a doctor, especially if the therapy is intended for a nursing mother.
• Paget's cancer. Medicines are prescribed strictly according to the type of cancer pathology. Thus, in case of ulcerative cancer, in addition to traditional antitumor therapy, external agents that adequately relieve skin inflammation may be recommended. If the cancer develops in the eczematous type, medications are selected as part of a treatment similar to that of eczema.

Medicines for reddened nipples are the prerogative of a doctor; only a specialist can differentiate clinical manifestations, make an accurate diagnosis and choose effective, effective medications.

Ointment for red nipples

Ointment for nipple redness is selected depending on the cause that provokes the symptom. You should also take into account the woman’s medical history and her state of health at the time of treatment.

Reddening of the nipples in most cases is associated with hormonal changes in the body or with pregnancy or lactation. Oncopathology can also cause irritation of the skin of the nipple, changes in its shape, but in such cases, treatment and ointments must be specific, like the disease process itself.

List of ointments for red nipples:

• For lactostasis (milk stagnation), it is recommended to use cooling or absorbable ointments. Traumeel, all ointment preparations with arnica, calendula extract, chestnut extract, and heparin gel have this effect.
• Cracked nipples can also be successfully treated with medications in the form of ointments. An ointment for reddened nipples due to cracks should have an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial effect in order to quickly stop the spread of infection and not “let it go deep into the breast tissue.” Solcoseryl, ointments containing lanolin, synthomycin ointment, Purelan, Bepanten, ointment with sea buckthorn oil, Panthenol, Tsindol, Desitin and other drugs are effective, which can be very effective if prescribed by a doctor according to indications and after the diagnosis has been clarified.
• Candidiasis, which causes reddening of the nipples, is treated with external agents that neutralize the fungal infection. Ointment for reddening of the nipples due to thrush is nystatin ointment, fluconazole, lamisole. However, it should be remembered that thrush is a phenomenon that occurs during breastfeeding. Consequently, any ointment can get into the baby’s gastrointestinal tract, so only a doctor should prescribe medications, including ointments.
• Eczema is treated comprehensively, like allergies in general. Ointment for nipple eczema can be effective if it is combined with medications in tablet form. Medicines for eczema belong to the category of antihistamines, and corticoids can also be prescribed if eczema reaches a severe stage - Prednisolone, Skin-cap, Soderm, Dermasan. An ointment with a drying effect is also effective.

Traditional treatment

Alternative treatment for reddened nipples can be very effective if the exact cause of the symptom is established and treatment is prescribed by a specialist or doctor. It is especially important to remember this for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Not all herbal infusions, herbal infusions, and decoctions can be harmless; in addition, if herbal medicine is not used correctly, precious time is lost, and the disease can become severe. Traditionally, folk treatment is used simultaneously with basic therapy, or after it as a means of consolidating the result.

Herbal treatment for reddened nipples includes the following procedures:

• Lotions (decoctions, infusions).
• Making and using ointments based on extracts from herbs and plants.
• General baths for the whole body with a decoction of herbs and medicinal plants.
• Compresses with herbal infusion.
• Ingestion of specially prepared decoctions.

Herbal preparations should have the main properties that help neutralize reddening of the nipples:

• Safety and no side effects.
• Anti-inflammatory or antibacterial effect.
• Softening effect.
• Wound healing effect.
• Drying properties for wet wounds.
• Absorbing, anti-edematous effect.

Traditional treatment for reddened nipples involves the use of the following plants or herbs:

1. St. John's wort.
2. Mint.
3. Plantain.
4. Chamomile.
5. Marshmallow root.
6. A series.
7. Oak bark.
8. Snake mountaineer.
9. Violet.
10. Dandelion.
11. Clover leaves and flowers.
12. Sophora japonica.
13. Birch leaves.
14. Blueberry leaves.
15. Juniper needles.

It is not possible to list all medicinal herbs or plants within the scope of the article, so we suggest studying several proven, effective recipes:

1. Prepare a herbal mixture - 1 part each of oregano, mint, plantain leaves, juniper berries, chamomile, St. John's wort. 1 teaspoon of dry crushed herbal mixture is poured with a glass of boiling water and left for 40-45 minutes. The strained infusion is cooled to a comfortable temperature and used as a lotion to relieve itching, irritation and redness of the nipples.
2. Dried geranium leaves, lavender, dandelion root, violet flowers and leaves, fireweed, centaury, celandine, oak bark - 1 part each. 2 tablespoons of the mixture are poured into 1 liter of boiling water and left in a thermos for 10-12 hours (it’s convenient to brew overnight). If the infusion turns out to be too concentrated or dark, it is slightly diluted with water and used as a wash for the entire mammary gland, including the nipple. Washing should be carried out at least twice a day for 10-14 days. The decoction also works great as a lotion. A gauze napkin is moistened in the herbal infusion, squeezed out a little and applied to the damaged, reddened nipple for 1 hour. This method is effective for cracked nipples and neurodermatitis.
3. Taking herbal baths is no less effective. The recipe is this: take equal parts celandine and chamomile (25 grams each), add 500 ml of cold water, leave for an hour, then simmer over low heat for about 15 minutes. Strain and pour into the bath, dilute with warm water at a comfortable temperature, take baths every other day for two weeks. A traditional treatment for reddened nipples consists of bathing in a bath with an infusion of burdock root - the root is crushed, a tablespoon is poured into 500 ml of water, boiled for 10 minutes, poured into the base volume of water in the bath.
4. A decoction that should be drunk for a month. Black currant leaves, nettles, herbs and violet flowers, chamomile, rose hips - 1 tablespoon each. The mixture is stored in a dry jar or linen bag. Every day a decoction is prepared - 1 teaspoon of herbal mixture is poured into 300 ml of boiling water, infused for 30-40 minutes. The strained healing decoction should be drunk in small sips throughout the day, the course is one month. The product perfectly cleanses the blood, strengthens the immune system and helps the body cope with inflammatory processes, including in the mammary gland.
5. The following recipes fall into the category of traditional treatment: applying raw pumpkin pulp, pea flour mixed with cabbage juice to the reddened nipple. Do not forget about the beneficial wound-healing and decongestant properties of cabbage leaves or burdock leaves. Purulent inflammation of the mammary gland, which provokes an increase in temperature and redness of the skin of the nipple, can be tried to be cured with a paste of freshly cooked beans. A dressing with steamed and mashed figs has the same effect.

Traditional treatment of nipple skin diseases brings results only if the cause of the symptom is accurately established and the herbal therapy regimen is drawn up by a doctor.

Herbal treatment

Herbal treatment for reddened nipples helps reduce discomfort, relieve irritation, inflammation or itching. Properly selected herbs can have an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory effect, as well as accelerate the healing of microcracks and wounds. At the same time, you need to remember that not all herbal infusions are neutral and safe, so before using decoctions or tinctures, it is advisable to consult with a specialist herbalist or your doctor.

List of means and methods that are included in the category of “herbal treatment”:

• Treatment with St. John's wort. A decoction or infusion of St. John's wort heals small wounds and cracked nipples well. Decoction recipe: 2 tablespoons of dry herb are poured into 2 glasses of cold water and left to brew for 4-5 hours. Then the liquid is boiled for 10 minutes, cooled to a comfortable temperature, and filtered. The resulting decoction can be used to wipe cracked nipples every 2 hours for 2-3 days. Lotions are also effective - a cotton swab is dipped into the broth, soaked and applied to the skin of the nipple and areola. St. John's wort oil (can be bought at a pharmacy) also has beneficial properties; it is applied to a gauze pad, applied to the nipples, and left for 1 hour.
• Redness of the nipples, inflamed skin of the areola, especially with eczematous dermatitis, can be treated well with pumpkin pulp. Boil the pumpkin and mash it with milk until it becomes a paste. The resulting poultice is collected in a gauze bag (or wrapped in thin cotton cloth). The pulp is left on the nipples overnight. This method helps relieve inflammation and activates the separation of purulent contents from purulent wounds.
• Psyllium seeds are useful for reddened nipples as an anti-inflammatory agent. The seeds need to be ground in a coffee grinder or crushed, pour boiling water in the proportion of 1 tablespoon per glass of boiling water. The cooled decoction is used as a lotion. Herbal ointment made from seeds is also effective - crushed seeds are poured with a small amount of water until the consistency of thick sour cream. Apply the ointment to the reddened skin 2-3 times a day until the irritation is completely neutralized.
• Japanese sophora beans are infused with an alcohol base (1:1). The tincture helps with weeping ulcerative lesions of the skin of the nipple (dermatitis, eczema). Sophora is effective as a means of drawing out pus and disinfecting wounds.
• Linden leaves and inflorescences have an antiseptic effect. A poultice made from linden infusion is a great way to relieve reddened nipples.
• Rice starch is effective for weeping forms of nipple eczema. Starch is applied to gauze and applied to the affected area of ​​the chest, leaving for 4-5 hours.
• An infusion of sweet clover (a teaspoon of herb in a glass of boiling water - leave for 15 minutes) is used as a remedy to relieve redness of the nipple areola. Sweet clover ointment - crushed grass is mixed with propolis, applied to the chest for mastitis or to the skin around the nipple for intraductal papillomas.
• Aloe juice can heal cracked nipples and small erosive wounds. The aloe leaf is left for 2-3 days in a dark place, ground or crushed, the pulp is squeezed out, and the juice is applied to wounds and nipple skin.
• Herbal treatment includes the use of celandine. It should be noted that celandine juice can be both beneficial and have a negative effect. Therefore, using this method requires strict adherence to the recipe. 5 drops per 150 ml of boiled water is a safe concentration that has a wound-healing effect on redness and cracked nipples.

Herbal treatment is an excellent method that complements basic therapy for complex diseases of the nipples, as well as a means for the prevention of various damage to the skin of the breast.

Homeopathy

Homeopathy is an additional effective method that consolidates basic treatment with medications. It should be remembered that homeopathy for reddened nipples must be carefully selected, and the course of treatment can be very long. Homeopathic remedies work well in the treatment of red nipples for pregnant or breastfeeding women, provided that the complex is prescribed by a specialist. Homeopathy is gentle, does not cause side effects and can be used for almost all categories of patients.

Here are examples of homeopathic regimens that can be prescribed to a woman when reddening of her nipples appears:

• Calcarea carbonica.
• Graphite.
• Aconite.
• Sulfur.
• Mastopol.
• Conium.
• Bryony.
• Phytolacca.

Homeopathy is effective in treating the cause of the symptom; redness, itching and irritation of the nipples as a consequence of the disease are often relieved in the first week of taking homeopathic medicines. For example, treatment of lactostasis (milk stagnation):

• Aconite is effective at the very beginning of the disease, especially with mastopathy. The dosage and course of treatment are prescribed by a homeopathy specialist.
• Bryonia helps as a mild absorbent.
• Belladonna works great for inflammatory processes that cause reddening of the nipples.
• Calcarea carbonica helps normalize the inflow and outflow of breast milk, thus preventing the development of lactostasis and, as a result, irritation and redness of the nipples of the mammary glands.
• Pulsatilla nigricans helps reduce the risk of breast milk stagnation and can therefore be considered a means of preventing various nipple skin problems.
• Local homeopathic therapy is the use of arnica, calendula in various forms. These drugs help heal cracked nipples and minor wounds, including purulent ones.
• Borax helps dry out wet, ulcerated sores on the skin of the nipples.

Homeopathy can speed up the process of treating reddened nipples and reduce the severity of symptoms even with serious pathologies of the mammary glands, but the course of treatment should be prescribed by a doctor who has special knowledge and experience in working with homeopathic medicines.

Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment for reddening of the nipples and irritation of the skin of the mammary gland is an extreme measure, which is indicated only for severe forms of serious diseases. As a rule, timely preventive measures, breast care, accurate diagnosis and conservative treatment produce results, and the woman has the opportunity to avoid surgery. Surgical treatment is prescribed for oncological pathologies or advanced stages of mastopathy. In addition, severe types of mastopathy are also treated surgically if diagnosis shows purulent inflammation. The abscess is opened, drained, the procedure can be carried out both under local anesthesia and under general anesthesia, depending on the depth of the suppuration and the extent of its spread. Let's consider the option of surgical intervention for Paget's cancer:

• The method of surgical intervention and its volume are directly related to the diagnosis and stage of the cancer.
• Radical mastectomy is the choice of method for the invasive form of the oncological process.
• Partial removal of a sector or tissue (pectoral muscle) is indicated for non-invasive cancer.
• Resection of part of the mammary gland may also be indicated at the initial stage of the process, in which case surgery includes removal of the nipple and areola. After the recovery period, a woman can contact a plastic surgeon for mammoplasty of the breast, nipple and areola.
• If atypical cells are localized only in the nipple area, this particular area is removed, and the spread of cells is stopped using radiation therapy.
• As a rule, surgical treatment for Paget's cancer is accompanied by additional methods and procedures that stop the spread of atypical cells - chemotherapy, gamma procedures, hormonal therapy.
• Lymph nodes may also be removed if cancer cells have spread to the lymphatic system. Differentiation of diagnosis and localization of the lesion is clarified using ultrasound, mammography, biopsy, and cytological tests.
• Gamma therapy is indicated as an alternative to surgical treatment for patients over the age of 60 years, when surgery cannot be performed due to physiological age indicators.

It should be remembered that timely diagnosis and treatment can help a woman preserve her breasts or allow the doctor to prescribe an organ-preserving surgical procedure. In addition, early detection of abnormal cells reduces the risk of complications after surgery and increases the chances of survival even with the most severe forms of breast cancer.

Prevention

Prevention of redness of the nipple and areola consists of a systematic examination of the breast, careful and careful care of the mammary glands in general. General prevention tips are identical to recommendations for preventing diseases of the mammary glands and pelvic organs in women. This is due to the fairly high prevalence of cancer among the fair sex.

Tips for preventing reddening of the nipples and diseases associated with the mammary glands in women:

• Careful breast care and hygiene standards
• Wearing comfortable, preferably cotton, underwear (bras, T-shirts, tops)
• The mammary glands should be protected from direct sunlight and heat exposure.
• Using natural breast care products and avoiding soaps, gels containing chemicals and synthetic fragrances greatly reduces the risk of irritation to sensitive skin.
Forecast

The prognosis for reddened nipples is generally one of the most favorable among all typically “female” diseases. Reddening of the nipples can be treated quite quickly and effectively, of course, provided that the cause of the symptom is accurately diagnosed and treatment is started on time.

We list the options for prognosis for the treatment of reddened nipples:

1. Thrush. Effective treatment completely eliminates reddening of the nipples, the prognosis for treatment of mammary candidiasis is favorable
2. Mastopathy. The prognosis depends on the type and extent of inflammation in the chest, but in general the outcome of treatment is usually good
3. Severe forms of mastopathy can lead to oncopathology or become a favorable environment for the development of breast cancer. The prognosis of treatment for breast cancer is directly related to when treatment is started and the severity of the pathology
4. The prognosis for Paget's cancer is variable. The risk of a negative outcome is associated with the stage of cancer, its activity and the woman’s health status, more precisely, with the presence or absence of chronic diseases before diagnosis
5. The prognostic panel for oncopathology also has a fairly wide range. Medical science does not stand still; literally every year new technologies, methods, devices and tools appear that help reduce the negative statistics of cancer. If atypical cells are stopped on time, there is no metastasis, patient survival is almost 90% for 4-5 years. The further prognosis depends on the likelihood of relapses and preventive measures taken by the woman.

Reddening of the nipples is not a life-threatening symptom, but as a sign, a symptom needs to be clarified to the root cause and adequate treatment. If nipple skin irritation, redness or cracks are treated comprehensively and in a timely manner, discomfort and pain go away quickly and without consequences. Taking care of your breasts, systematically examining and caring for them is the main way to help avoid many of the troubles associated with diseases of the mammary glands in general.

So, if you notice that...

BREASTS INCREASE

1. You are gaining weight

After puberty, breasts grow as the rest of the body grows. Why does my weight increase? You may eat more, exercise less, sleep little, or live under stress. Plus or minus a kilogram is natural. If you gain more weight, your risk of getting cancer increases.

2. You are expecting your period, have started taking oral contraceptives or are pregnant

Hormones affect breast size. If both breasts are enlarged, there is nothing to worry about.

BREASTS ARE SMALLER

3. You are losing weight

Breasts are made up of fat, so if you are losing weight, they will be the first body part you notice. If your weight and breasts are decreasing for no apparent reason, you should see a doctor. After all, it could be hyperthyroidism or another disease.

4. New menstrual cycle

If the breasts increase before menstruation, it means that after it the swelling will go away and they will decrease. There is no reason to worry.

ONE BREAST IS BIGGER THAN THE OTHER

5. Nothing special

Breasts are not symmetrical, so if they have always been different sizes and shapes, that's okay.

6. Breast cancer

If the shape of one breast is changing, it's time to get checked for breast cancer.

IRRITATION TO THE SKIN UNDER THE BREASTS

7. Allergies

This happens when your bra wires are made of nickel, the soap didn't wash off after swimming, or you wore a sweater that irritates your skin. Hydrocortisone ointment will help you. If the irritation does not go away after a few days, see a doctor.

8. Intertriginous dermatitis

Or diaper rash. Very often in summer the skin under the breasts becomes chafed and inflamed. An antibiotic, steroid or hydrocortisone ointment will relieve the irritation, and a properly fitted bra will support your breasts and prevent recurrence.

9. The linen is no longer fresh.

Infrequent washing actually preserves the laundry, but bacteria or fungi can settle in it. The skin under the breasts sweats a lot and this is very beneficial for them.

YOU HAVE NOTICEABLE STRETCH MARKS

10. Your weight is fluctuating.

As your weight fluctuates, your breasts grow and shrink. This causes stretch marks. This often happens after pregnancy and in women with thin, inelastic skin.

VERY DARK OR LIGHT NIPPLES

11. Nothing special

No, it's not cancer. Each woman's nipples are colored differently. The main thing is that it is symmetrical.

VERY LARGE OR SMALL NIPPLES

12. Nothing special

Our bodies are simply different. If they are symmetrical, there is no problem.

BUBBLES ON AREOLAS

13. Nothing special

Breasts are intended for feeding babies. These tubercles are the exits of the milk ducts. Sometimes they get a little bigger, so if there are small bumps surrounding your nipple, you're fine.

ONE LARGE BUMPLE ON THE AREOLA

14. Benign cyst or malignant neoplasm

Get tested as soon as possible to find out if there is any cause for concern.

HAIR AROUND THE NIPPLE

15. Polycystic ovary syndrome

If you have started to grow hair around your nipple, your testosterone levels may have increased due to PCOS. Other symptoms include acne and irregular periods. Polycystic disease can lead to infertility, so you should see a doctor.

NIPPLES ITCH

16. Shampoo or soap residue irritates the skin.

Rinse your skin with water and apply hydrocortisone ointment.

17. Allergy to clothes

This could be a reaction to the dye in a new bra or wool sweater. Apply hydrocortisone ointment to your nipples and change your clothes.

18. A new cycle will begin soon

Sometimes hormonal changes cause itching.

19. Paget's disease

Or breast cancer, a very rare disease. Its symptoms are itchy nipples and areolas, flaky skin, a flattened nipple, and yellow or bloody nipple discharge. See a doctor immediately.

PAIN AND LAMPS IN THE CHEST

20. A new cycle will begin soon

Depending on the phase of the cycle, the structure and sensitivity of the breast may change. You should see a doctor. One consolation is that if you have bumps but no pain, then most likely it is not a tumor.

21. Too much caffeine

Caffeine causes chest pain for some people, so just start drinking less coffee, tea and soda and the problem will go away.

WHITE CLOUDY DISCHARGE FROM NIPPLES

22. Something stimulates milk production

Breasts are needed to feed babies. If the discharge looks like milk, something may be stimulating your milk production, even if you are not pregnant or caring for a small baby. The doctor will choose a medicine for you.

23. Side effect of antidepressants or antipsychotics

Some medications increase levels of prolactin, a hormone that stimulates milk production. In most cases, this is done safely, although it is unpleasant.

OTHER DISCHARGES FROM THE NIPLE

24. Benign neoplasm

Known as papilloma. You should see a doctor.

NIPPLES HARD

25. You're excited

If your nipples are symmetrical but firm, there is nothing to worry about. The muscles around the nipple simply contracted. This is usually related to sex.

26. You are cold

If it's not about sex, then the simplest explanation is cold. Just stay warm.

Inverted Nipple OR Dimples in the Nipple or BREAST

27. Breast cancer

Any dents could be a sign of cancer. You should see a doctor URGENTLY.

LAMP IN THE CHEST

28. Everything is fine with you

Now it’s just another phase of the cycle when the breasts become denser. This is fine. Breast lumps that could mean something serious can only be detected with a mammogram.

VEINS VISIBLE THROUGH THE SKIN

29. Risk of skin cancer

Fair skin is usually pale and translucent. If so, you are at high risk of sunburn, but as long as you don't overextend yourself and use sunscreen, there won't be any serious problems.

BREASTS LOOK LIKE ORANGES

30. Breast cancer

If your smooth breasts suddenly become uneven like an orange peel, and your areolas and nipples become hard, it may be cancer. You should see a doctor URGENTLY.

BUNE ON THE CHEST

31. Benign cyst

If it is round and smooth and you can move it, it may be a benign cyst filled with fluid. It's not a tumor. You should see a doctor.

32. Breast cancer

Most often, pain and growths in the chest are the result of hormones. Every time you encounter them, the question arises: is it cancer or could it become cancer? Only the doctor will answer.