How do we get different types of honey? Types of honey and their properties: choosing the right honey for yourself

Main types of honey: floral and honeydew (forest). Which in turn are divided into different varieties.

Also, to create new varieties of honey, they are mixed; if you select and mix different varieties correctly, this improves the quality, but not choosing the right one, on the contrary, can only make it worse.

If honey has a pronounced acidic taste, this indicates the presence of acetic bacteria that appear after alcoholic fermentation, such honey is considered spoiled.

Flower honey can be monofloral or polyfloral.

Monofloral- processed from the nectar of one type of honey plant, for example, linden, buckwheat, acacia, etc. Honey from one type of honey plant is very rare because... It is difficult to restrict bees from all other plants, for example, except buckwheat. Therefore, monofloral honey is considered to be honey in which the pollen of a single plant predominates.

Since bees cannot be limited in their movement and are only located at a specific type of flowering, obtaining 100% pure monofloral honey is almost impossible. To produce a monofloral variety, beekeepers must find honeybees in a specific region where there is an abundant supply of a particular flowering plant. In addition, beekeepers must clean out any remaining honey from their hives to ensure that new batches are not mixed with honey from different flower varieties.

Polyfloral- processed from the nectar of various honey plants, for example, meadow, taiga, forest.

Different types of honey

Some types of honey can be identified by color, aroma and taste. Different varieties differ from each other not only in color, but also in many shades.

Acacia (white acacia) honey

White acacia honey is considered one of the best. It has excellent taste and a delicate, delicate aroma. In fresh liquid form, this honey is transparent, candied (crystallized) has a white color, fine-grained. Crystallizes slowly. 1 hectare of white acacia bees can produce 1700 kg of honey. If you look at the honeycombs of this honey, they appear empty.

Honey from yellow acacia flowers in the liquid state is very light, crystallized - white, medium-grained, looks like lard. From 1 hectare of yellow acacia, bees receive 350 kg of honey.

Barberry honey

It has a golden yellow color, aromatic and delicate taste. Bees obtain this honey from the barberry bush, which is valued for its hemostatic properties.

Budyakov (tartar, thistle) honey

Budyak, also known as the prickly tartar. First-class honey. It can be colorless, greenish, golden, and has a pleasant aroma and taste. When crystallized, it becomes fine-grained.

Borage honey (borage)

It has a transparent color, light, and pleasant to the taste. From 1 hectare of borage, bees receive 200 kg of honey.

Cornflower honey

It has a greenish-yellow color, its aroma resembles the smell of almonds, and the taste is slightly bitter.

Heather honey

It has a dark, dark yellow or red-brown color, a weak aroma and a tart, bitter taste. This type of honey crystallizes slowly and has a viscous consistency. From 1 hectare of heather, bees receive 200 kg of honey.

Mustard honey

In liquid form it has a golden color, crystallized honey has a yellowish-cream color.. 1 hectare of mustard bees can produce 40 kg of honey.

Pea honey

Collected from the flowers of the thin-leaved pea, which grows in the steppe areas of Siberia. It has a transparent color, delicate aroma and taste. Bees receive up to 5 kg of honey per day.

Buckwheat honey

Buckwheat honey is dark red or brown in color. It has a distinct, unique, pungent taste that makes the throat sore and a pleasant aroma. Upon crystallization, it becomes fine-grained or coarse-grained, mushy. Compared to light varieties, it contains more iron and proteins. 1 hectare of flowering buckwheat produces 60 kg of honey.

Sweet clover honey

First-class honey. It has a light amber or white color, a delicate and pleasant aroma. Upon crystallization, it becomes fine-grained or coarse-grained and acquires a white color. Composition of sweet clover honey: 36.78% glucose, 39.59 fructose. From 1 hectare, bees receive 200 kg of honey, from 1 hectare of cultivated clover - 600 kg.

Angelica honey

It has a brown-red color with a greenish tint. It has a viscous, viscous consistency. The taste is rich, there may be some bitterness.

Blackberry honey

It has an absolutely transparent color and is very tasty. From 1 hectare of blackberries, bees receive 20 kg of honey.

Snakehead honey

It has a light transparent color, has a good aroma and taste. From 1 hectare of snakehead, bees receive 300 kg of honey.

Willow honey

It has a golden yellow color and high taste. Crystallized honey is fine-grained and cream-colored. Bees receive up to 3-4 kg of honey per day.

Hyssop honey

First-class honey.

Stone honey

Rock honey is collected by wild bees. It has a fawn color, pleasant aroma and taste. Rock honey is a crystallized substance that is broken off from honeycombs. This honey is practically not sticky, it

Chestnut honey

Low grade honey. It has a dark color, weak aroma and unpleasant taste.

Kenaf honey

Fresh honey has a yellowish cloudy color and tastes unpleasant. From 1 hectare bees receive 40 kg of honey.

Fireweed honey (Ivan-tea)

Transparent with a greenish tint, has a delicate, mild aroma and pleasant taste. After crystallization it becomes white and granular. Crystallizes quickly. Turns yellow when heated. From 1 hectare of fireweed (fireweed), bees receive 600 kg of honey.

clover honey

Colorless, transparent, very tasty. One of the best varieties of light honey. After crystallization it becomes white and hard. Composition of clover honey: 34.96% glucose, 40.24 levulose (fructose). From 1 hectare of white clover, bees receive 100 kg of honey.

Maple honey

Light honey with excellent taste. From 1 hectare of maple, bees receive 200 kg of honey.

Coriander honey

It has a sharp aroma and specific taste. From 1 hectare of coriander, bees receive 500 kg of honey.

Lavender honey

First-class honey. Has a delicate aroma.

Swallow honey

It has a light color with a yellow tint, a delicate aroma and a wonderful taste. From 1 hectare of swallowtail, bees receive 600 kg of honey.

Linden honey

Linden honey is one of the best varieties of honey. Very pleasant to the taste, very sweet. Has a delicate aroma of linden flowers. Liquid honey has a transparent, slightly yellow or greenish color. After crystallization, it becomes white, with a golden tint, coarse-grained, and can also be cloudy yellow, with a lard-like consistency. From 1 hectare of linden trees, bees receive 1000 kg of honey. Crystallizes after 3-4 months.

Linden honey (“Ufa”). Light amber color with a very subtle and strong aroma. Upon crystallization, it becomes dense and fine-grained. In rare cases it becomes coarse-grained. Compared to other linden honeys, it is very sweet.

Linden honey (Far Eastern). Watery-transparent color, with a slightly creamy tint. Subtle pleasant aroma. Upon crystallization, it becomes dense and lard-like. Refers to the highest grades of honey.

Burdock honey

Very viscous honey. Has a sharp spicy smell. The color is dark olive. From 1 hectare of burdock, bees collect approximately 600 kg of honey.

Meadow honey

Golden yellow or yellow brown. It has a pleasant aroma and good taste. It is obtained from the nectar of various meadow flowers.

Onion honey

Golden color. Fresh honey has a slight onion aroma and taste. From 1 hectare of flowering onions, 70 kg of honey is obtained.

Chestnut honey

Honey collected from horse chestnut has a colorless, watery color. From edible chestnut - dark in color, liquid, with bitterness. Crystallizes quickly.

Dandelion honey

Bright yellow or dark amber color. Very thick and viscous. Smells and tastes like dandelion.

Cucumber honey

Light yellow or amber color. It has a strong smell and taste of cucumbers.

Honeydew honey

Forest honey (honeydew honey) bees collect sweet secretions from the leaves or stems of plants, and also collect secretions of aphids and other insects. It is highly bactericidal compared to flower. Harmful to bees, but harmless to humans. Has inferior taste.

Sunflower honey

Light amber color with a weak aroma, mild specific taste. It crystallizes very quickly and becomes coarse-grained. In hot summers it can crystallize right in the honeycombs, but despite this, if the bee family is strong, it will warm up this honey and eat it first, before the onset of severe cold. It has a tart taste and a faint aroma of sunflower.

Rapeseed honey

From white to intense yellow. The aroma is weak. The consistency is thick. Crystallizes quickly. It is poorly soluble in water.

Rape honey

It has a greenish-yellow color, with a faint aroma and pleasant taste. Doesn't last long.

Tobacco honey

Has light tones. Bitter taste. It is usually not eaten.

Phacelia honey

Considered one of the best varieties. White in color, with a delicate smell and pleasant taste.

Cotton honey

Colorless, like water. Upon crystallization, it becomes coarse-grained, dense, white in color with a pleasant aroma.

sainfoin honey

Belongs to the most valuable varieties. Transparent honey. It has a pleasant subtle aroma and taste. It crystallizes slowly, after which it becomes lard-like in consistency, with a creamy tint.

Apple honey

Pale yellow, with a delicate aroma and taste. Crystallizes quickly.

Honey consists of plant nectar and some components taken from the bee's body. It contains about 300 different substances, but the basis is glucose and fructose. Honey comes in different shades based on color and is divided into groups of honey varieties:

  • light colors;
  • moderately colored colors;
  • dark colors.

Dark color honey means that the product contains more minerals and other substances and is considered healthier than the light variety. It begins to turn into nectar while still in the body of the bees. Bees transfer nectar from plants to the wax cells of the honeycomb. Bees not only collect and transport nectar, but also process it in the hive. First, they produce honey from nectar, then they evaporate water from it, then it must be mixed in honeycombs and treated with enzymes. Due to this, the chemical composition of the product changes.

When the product is ripe, it is sealed by bees using wax caps. These signs help to identify it by maturity, variety and timing of pumping. If the product is not sealed, it means that it has a high water content and contains a large amount of undigested sucrose. Its quality will be worse and it cannot be stored for a long time.

If it contains more glucose, it can crystallize, and with increased fructose it will taste sweeter. Crystallization does not degrade the quality, but when heated, the healing and nutritional properties are reduced. From 40° and above it turns into ordinary syrup.

Various aromatic substances enter the hive with nectar, which is why it has a unique taste. The taste also depends on organic acids : apple, milk, lemon.

Product properties

Types of honey

For pre-sale preparation, it is divided into two types: centrifugal (popular) and cellular (useful). Consistency: crystallized (shrunken) and liquid. It can be very thin, runny, thick and gelatinous. The consistency of shriveled honey can be fine-grained, coarse-grained or lard-like. They also have differences in color and transparency, taste and aroma.

Types and their features

What kind of honey is there?

  1. The May type of honey - the first pumping, has a common name. It happened in ancient times, when people lived according to a different calendar, that is, two weeks later. At this time, the first product began to be pumped out.
  2. Monofloral type of honey - this is what is called when more than 40% of the nectar is collected from one honey plant. Bees collect nectar from various honey plants.
  3. - produced in dry summers from the sweet secretions of insects: scale insects, aphids, psyllids. It is also produced from honeydew (sugary substances of plants): linden, apple, fir, spruce, maple, hazel, rose, pear, etc. Its color is usually dark, but it can also be light yellow from coniferous trees . The aroma depends on the source of the honeydew: it may be odorless or unpleasant. The consistency is sticky, syrupy, and does not melt in the mouth for a long time. It is used by confectioners and bakers.
  4. Polyfloral honey is produced from nectar collected from several types of plants. The name depends on the type of honey plant: mountain, forest, meadow, steppe.

Types of honey and their beneficial properties

  • Acacia- It is believed that it does not crystallize for a long time. The taste is enveloping, floral, delicate, and when swallowed the taste intensifies. If the product is liquid, it appears transparent, but upon crystallization it becomes white, fine-grained and resembles snow. From yellow acacia it is very light, and when crystallized it looks white, greasy, and has a medium grain size. It is used in medical practice for nervous diseases as a sedative and for insomnia. Does not cause allergies and is used in children's and diabetic nutrition. It has an antimicrobial effect and is used for eye diseases. Used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys. In case of childhood enuresis, the child should not be allowed to drink at night, but give him a spoonful of acacia honey, it retains moisture in the body and soothes, it is very useful.
  • Heather- refers to low grades of honey, has a reddish-brown color, a specific aroma and tart taste. It contains more protein and mineral salts, so it does not crystallize, but coagulates and becomes jelly-like. According to its medicinal and healing properties, it is considered useful and one of the best. It is used for diseases of the bladder and kidneys, it has a diuretic effect. Used in the treatment of gout and rheumatism. If you take it at night, your sleep will be calm and sound. Calms the nervous system and is an anti-inflammatory agent for diseases of the intestines and stomach.
  • Buckwheat- the best variety, dark in color, has a sharp and spicy taste and aroma. Upon crystallization it becomes a mushy mass. It contains iron and protein, thanks to which the vascular bed is cleansed, the blood is renewed, damaged tissues are regenerated and the level of hemoglobin increases. Recommended for use in cases of anemia, anemia and pregnancy. And also for those who suffer from gastritis with high acidity of gastric juice. Cures vitamin deficiency, hypertension, scarlet fever, measles, rheumatism. Used when hemorrhage occurs in the brain or retina, improves capillary permeability. It is used topically for trophic ulcers, furunculosis, purulent wounds and many skin diseases. Useful in children's and diabetic nutrition, has a calming effect for nervous diseases.
  • Donnikovy- first-class, with high qualities. When crystallized, it has a white or yellow color and contains a lot of glucose. It has an anti-inflammatory, expectorant, analgesic, sedative, and diuretic effect. Nursing mothers are recommended to take it to stimulate milk production. It is taken for colds, insomnia, headaches and for the treatment of respiratory organs. Treat rheumatism and cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and atherosclerosis. For purulent wounds and cuts, compresses with propolis are applied.
  • Lime- the best type of honey, transparent, has a slightly yellowish or greenish color, a very sweet taste and aroma of linden. When crystallized it turns white and is rarely found in its pure form. It is used to treat colds, as it has diaphoretic properties. Used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, gall bladder, kidneys and gynecology. It has antibacterial and antimicrobial effects, helps in the treatment of purulent wounds and burns.
  • Lugovoi- first-class, upon crystallization it becomes fine-grained or greasy. The color ranges from golden yellow to yellow-brown, depending on the predominance of flowers. It has medicinal and nutritional properties and is used for various diseases.
  • May- early summer honey variety, the sweetest, they begin to pump it out after the acacia blooms. The color varies from white-gray to bright yellow, it has a cooling taste and a menthol aroma. It is well absorbed by the body without disrupting the function of the pancreas, which means diabetes does not develop. It is recommended to take for atherosclerosis, liver diseases and nervous conditions. Honey has a calming effect.

Quality determination methods

Dip a spoon into the honey and swirl it around. The unripe one will flow, and the mature one will wrap in folds like a ribbon. You can dip a thin stick into it: the real one will stretch as a continuous thread, the fake one will flow and drip with splashes. High-quality honey does not foam.

All varieties of natural honey have beneficial properties and are necessary for a healthy diet. It differs only in appearance and taste, but the benefits are almost the same. Store in a dark place so that the beneficial substances do not disintegrate under the influence of light.

Varieties of honey

Bee products. Natural medicines Yuri Konstantinov

Types of honey and their benefits

Types of honey and their benefits

Honey can be honeydew or flower.

Honeydew honey is obtained when bees collect honeydew (honeydew) that appears on the leaves of maple, oak, hazel, poplar, birch and other plants, as well as the sweet secretions of some insects, such as psyllids, aphids, scale insects, etc.

This type of honey is darker in color and has a weak aroma. It contains more minerals compared to flower honey. Honeydew honey is used primarily in the food industry.

Certain varieties of honeydew honey can be poisonous. There are samples of honeydew honey that have a very unpleasant taste; they do not dissolve in the mouth for a long time. Another type of honey is flower honey. Bees obtain it from the nectar of honey plants. It rarely happens that the resulting honey is the result of collecting nectar from only one type of plant. In this case, we can talk about monofloral honey. But more often this product is obtained by collecting nectar from different types of plants. Such honey is usually called polyfloral honey, and its variety is determined by the predominance of honey plant nectar included in it (maple, alfalfa, acacia, linden, sweet clover, buckwheat, etc.).

When ingesting “drunken” honey, all unpleasant symptoms of poisoning (dizziness, vomiting, convulsions) disappear within 48 hours. You can speed up recovery by gastric lavage and taking a laxative.

Tobacco honey is obtained by fermenting the nectar of tobacco flowers collected by bees. This dark brown type of honey gives off a tobacco smell. Its unpleasant taste is slightly bitter. Tobacco honey is not eaten, but it serves as a feed for bees in apiaries.

In addition to honeydew and flower honey, there is also so-called drunken, or poisonous, honey. It is produced by bees, collecting nectar from plants belonging to the heather family (rhododendron, azalea, marsh heather, wild rosemary, etc.)

Acacia honey collected by bees from the flowers of yellow and white acacia. It does not crystallize for a long time because it contains a lot of fructose. When crystallized, this honey becomes fine-grained and acquires a white or white-yellow color.

White and yellow acacia honey is used as a sedative for nervous diseases, insomnia, and in diabetic and baby nutrition. It contains a lot of vitamin A (carotene), so it is used in the treatment of eye diseases. It also has an antimicrobial effect and is used as a general tonic and for bile, kidney and gastrointestinal diseases.

It is valuable that acacia honey usually does not cause allergies.

Buckwheat honey- one of the most famous varieties. Its color can vary from light brown to brownish-red. It contains the largest amount of protein and iron, so it is especially useful for anemia and anemia. Buckwheat honey cleanses the vascular bed, helps restore damaged tissues, and increases the level of hemoglobin in the blood. That is why it can be useful for pregnant women and people suffering from chronic gastritis with high acidity of gastric juice. In addition, buckwheat honey is an excellent antiseptic.

Sweet clover honey– light amber or white in color with a very subtle pleasant aroma reminiscent of vanilla. Sweet clover is a medicinal plant, so sweet clover honey has special medicinal properties. This honey has a soothing, diuretic, expectorant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic effect and stimulates milk production in nursing mothers. It is recommended for respiratory diseases, colds, headaches, and insomnia. It is also useful for heart diseases: it promotes the expansion of coronary vessels, improves blood circulation, reduces edema of cardiac origin, and stabilizes blood pressure. This type of honey also has strong antiseptic properties and is used in compresses for purulent wounds and boils.

Chestnut honey It has a specific aroma and bitter taste, which is why not everyone likes it. However, it is very popular in Europe, especially in France. This honey heals gastrointestinal and kidney diseases and has a pronounced antimicrobial effect. Chestnut honey is recommended for cardiovascular diseases, as it has a beneficial effect on the entire circulatory system.

Coriander honey contains a large amount of essential oils, therefore it has a specific, rather sharp spicy aroma.

This honey has a choleretic effect, improves digestion, and is useful for loss of appetite, therefore it is used for various diseases of the stomach, duodenum, liver, and pancreas. In addition, coriander honey activates mental and physical activity, due to its mild stimulation of the central nervous system (therefore, it will be necessary for stress and chronic fatigue), has an antiseptic, analgesic, bronchodilator effect (useful for bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis), slows down the heart rate (may used for tachycardia and extrasystole), and also increases potency, which is why it has long been considered “male” honey.

Linden honey colorless or slightly yellowish, transparent. Upon crystallization, it turns into a dense white or white-yellow fine-grained mass. The taste is sharp, very sweet.

Linden honey contains a lot of organic acids, which already in the human mouth cause reflex reactions of juice and bile secretion. Therefore, it is recommended not to swallow honey immediately, but to hold it in your mouth until completely dissolved. It also creates powerful antimicrobial protection, heals wounds well, reduces swelling, and enhances tissue repair.

Linden honey is indispensable in the treatment of sore throat, runny nose, laryngitis, bronchitis, tracheitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and bronchial asthma. Good as a cardiovascular tonic. It is used for inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, kidney and biliary diseases. This honey reduces depression, improves mood and overall well-being.

Field forbs bees make it from nectar collected from a wide variety of wildflowers. This honey is very aromatic and retains the smell of wild (forest, mountain) flowers for a long time. This combined product contains a lot of different biologically active components (amino acids, vitamins, macro- and microelements, etc.), so it has pronounced general strengthening properties, helps normalize metabolism, and strengthens the immune system. Collected flower honey has pronounced bactericidal properties.

Propolis honey has strong antiseptic and antispasmodic properties. It increases the body's resistance to adverse environmental factors and replenishes the lack of microelements and vitamins in the body.

Honey with propolis can be used externally, internally and for inhalation. Most often, propolis honey is used internally to strengthen the immune system and treat various diseases.

Sage honey It is produced from the nectar of Salvia medicinal flowers. This honey is light amber or dark golden in color and has a delicate aroma. It has pronounced antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, is useful for kidney diseases, coughs, neuroses, heart disease, neurasthenia, gastrointestinal diseases, helps regulate the menstrual cycle, and has a diaphoretic effect.

sainfoin honey bees make nectar from the pink or red flowers of the perennial plant sainfoin or vicofolia, which grows wild in central Russia, Siberia and Ukraine. This honey is highly valued in European countries. It improves blood circulation and strengthens capillaries, has a diuretic and diaphoretic effect, strengthens the immune system and enhances potency.

Honey comb much healthier than pumped wax, since the natural wax that makes up the honeycomb itself has medicinal properties, and in combination with honey these valuable qualities are manifested even more. In addition, honey in honeycombs is better stored and does not crystallize throughout the year. Honeycomb honey contains more vitamin A than carrots, so chewing it is very beneficial for the eyes. Honey in combs is a recognized remedy for the treatment of diseases of the respiratory system.

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We all know that honey comes in different forms. It can be denser or more liquid, almost white or completely brown. However, the main indicator of the division of honey into varieties is its origin. According to this criterion, honey is divided into flower and honeydew. Floral, in turn, can be pure or mixed. There is also such a separate concept as honey dew. This substance may not be produced by bees at all; for example, in New Zealand, insects from beech forests produce an analogue of honey from black and red beech trees. The drops of nectar that they leave on the leaves glisten in the sun - hence the name.

It is easy to distinguish between the types of flower honey - they are named after the plant from which it is collected. The most common varieties in our region are: flower, linden, buckwheat, acacia, clover and alfalfa. Alfalfa honey, for example, has a mild flavor and aroma; has a light golden color; can be quite watery. Clover honey is even lighter - in the light it may seem almost colorless; Clover honey has an unobtrusive, interesting aroma and taste. Clover honey is collected mainly from white clover.

Linden honey is legendary. It is recognized as one of the best varieties in the world due to a whole bunch of its advantages. Firstly, it has an unforgettable taste and aroma, which, by the way, will vary somewhat depending on the type of linden and the place where it grows. Secondly, the medicinal qualities of linden honey cannot be immediately listed - it is also the first remedy for various colds, a wound-healing, strengthening and anti-inflammatory agent. The color of linden honey is not only white, but also golden, sometimes with a green tint. When it crystallizes, it becomes creamy.

Another legend is acacia honey. Like linden, it is very widely popular because of its taste, and is also used throughout folk medicine. It is considered very useful for children and is used to treat diseases of the genitourinary system. For anemia, it is recommended to use buckwheat honey. It has a reddish hue ranging from golden red to brown. It is superior to most types of honey due to its abundance of vitamins.

In general, flower honey can also be divided into meadow and forest honey. Meadow honey is lighter in color and its range of aromas differs from forest honey. Meadow honey is first-grade honey (lower grades are produced using a different technology); has a golden color, its main components are: thyme, clover, thyme, sage, alfalfa and other herbs. Forest honey is mainly produced from nectar collected by bees from bushes, including: blackberry, hawthorn, rowan. Forest honey also contains herbs and trees. The range of colors of forest honey is wide: from almost transparent golden to thick dark brown.

Flower honey often contains some percentage of honeydew, that is, honey that is obtained from the processed nectar of other insects (honeydew). Honeydew honey is mixed with forest varieties and helps create a special flavor. By the way, some types of forest honey can be dangerous to humans. They are also called drunken honey or poisonous honey; in appearance they differ little from ordinary honey. This substance causes something like food poisoning, but does not cause serious harm to the body. Based on the final result, honey can be divided into filtered, unfiltered, honeycomb and artificial. Comb honey is especially labor-intensive, because the cells need to be secured so that they do not break during transportation. The so-called artificial honey is a product of bees when they are specially fed with sugar or honey from the previous harvest. Its value characteristics are much lower than those of ordinary honey that has been filtered.

Varieties and varieties of honey

Acacia(white acacia) honey is considered one of the best varieties. In liquid form it is transparent, when crystallized (sugarified) it becomes white, fine-grained, reminiscent of snow. Bees also collect nectar from yellow locust flowers. This honey is very light, but upon crystallization it becomes greasy, white, and medium-grained. Yellow acacia honey is also one of the best varieties.

Barberry honey golden yellow in color, aromatic and delicate in taste. Bees energetically process the nectar of the flowers of the berry bush barberry, which grows in the European part of Russia, in the Crimea and is widely cultivated as a valuable hemostatic agent.

Budyakov honey belongs to the first class. It can be colorless, greenish, golden (light amber), and has a pleasant aroma and taste. When crystallized, it becomes fine-grained. Bees energetically collect it from the beautiful crimson flowers of a weed with prickly stems and grayish leaves - thistle.

Borage honey obtained from the nectar of large beautiful blue flowers of borage - borage. Borage is grown as a valuable honey plant and medicinal plant. Honey has a pleasant taste, transparent, light.

Cornflower honey- greenish-yellow in color, has a pleasant aroma reminiscent of almonds and a peculiar, slightly bitter taste. Blue cornflower, or field cornflower, is a good honey plant.

Heather honey obtained from the nectar of small pink flowers of the branched evergreen shrub common heather, common in the western and northern steppe regions of Ukraine, in the western and northwestern regions of Russia, and in Belarus. Heather honey is dark, dark yellow and red-brown in color with a weak aroma, pleasant or tart, bitter taste. Refers to low grades of honey. It has the ability to thicken into a jelly with a large number of air bubbles that can rise to the surface. When stirred or shaken, the gelatinous structure of heather honey is destroyed and it becomes liquid again, but later thickens again. This property is called thixotropy. Buckwheat honey also has slight thixotropic properties. Once the protein substances are removed from heather honey, the thixotropic properties are lost.

Mustard honey- a product collected from large yellow flowers of white mustard, growing in Ukraine, Belarus, and the European part of Russia. In its liquid state it has a pleasant golden yellow color, and later acquires a yellow-cream hue. Crystallizes into small crystals. It has a pleasant aroma and sweet taste. It has high nutritional and medicinal properties, due to which it is recommended for respiratory diseases.

Pea honey collected from the flowers of the thin-leaved pea, which grows in the steppes of Siberia.

Buckwheat honey They are produced everywhere, but mainly in the central and southern regions of Russia and Ukraine. The color of honey ranges from dark yellow and reddish to dark brown; It has a distinctive pungent taste and pleasant aroma. It crystallizes into a homogeneous, most often coarse-grained mass of dark yellow color. Some tasters note that when eating buckwheat honey, it “tickles the throat.”
In most cases, buckwheat honey is assessed as high-grade and having medicinal properties. It contains more protein and iron than other botanical honeys. In this regard, such honey is recommended to be taken in the treatment of anemia. People say: “Dark honey is very useful for pale-faced people.”

Angelica honey bees collect from the flowers of angelica officinalis, widespread in Russia, Crimea, Belarus, and Ukraine.

Sweet clover honey- very light, white or light amber. It has a delicate pleasant taste and aroma reminiscent of vanilla. Rated as one of the best varieties. Bees collect it from the bright yellow flowers of sweet clover or yellow clover. It crystallizes quickly. Due to its high nutritional and medicinal qualities, it is very popular. Recommended for respiratory diseases, colds, headaches, insomnia. In the USA, sweet clover honey is rated as one of the best varieties; it makes up 50-70% of the total amount of all honeys that go on sale.

Blackberry honey bees collect from the flowers of widespread blackberry bushes. It is transparent like water and has high taste and medicinal qualities and a delicate aroma.

Snakehead honey- light, transparent, with a pleasant aroma and taste. Bees prepare it from the nectar of the blue-violet flowers of the Moldavian darter, which grows in the Caucasus, Altai, and Ukraine. The snakehead is one of the very valuable honey plants, as it contains a large amount of high-sugar nectar with a lemon smell.

Willow honey- golden yellow in color, upon crystallization it becomes fine-grained, acquires a creamy tint, and has high taste. Bees energetically collect it from the flowers of various types of willow trees and shrubs, of which there are about 170.

Hyssop honey According to its organoleptic properties, it belongs to first-class samples. Bees collect the nectar for this honey from the dark blue flowers of the medicinal and honey-bearing subshrub plant hyssop.

Stone honey- rare and unique. It is collected by wild bees, depositing it in the crevices of rock cliffs. This honey is fawn in color, has a pleasant aroma and tastes good. Honeycombs contain little wax and are a single crystallized substance that must be broken off into pieces, like candy, to be consumed. Unlike regular bee honey, rock honey is almost non-sticky and therefore does not require special containers. It is well preserved without changing its qualities for several years. Often also called Abkhazian honey.

Chestnut honey It has a dark color, has a weak aroma, and has an unpleasant taste. To prepare this honey, bees collect nectar from the flowers of the chestnut tree, which grows mainly in the Crimea and Transcaucasia. Bees also produce honey from the nectar of the bell-shaped white and pink flowers of the ornamental horse chestnut tree. This honey, unlike the first one, is transparent (colorless), liquid, but crystallizes easily and quickly, and sometimes tastes bitter. Chestnut honey is classified as low-grade.

Fireweed honey- transparent, with a greenish tint, upon crystallization it becomes white in the form of snow grains, and sometimes resembles a creamy or fine-grained mass. When heated, it turns yellow, has a very weak delicate aroma and does not have a distinct honey taste, so buyers often do not recognize its naturalness. This honey has to be blended more often than other varieties. Bees make honey from the nectar of the beautiful lilac-red flowers of fireweed (fireweed), which is quite common in the wild.

clover honey- light, almost colorless, transparent, sometimes with a greenish tint, with a delicate aroma and a pleasant, unique taste. It quickly crystallizes into a solid white finely crystalline mass. Refers to high-grade, first-class honey.

Maple honey It belongs to the light varieties of honey and has excellent taste. Bees energetically collect it from the beautiful yellowish-green flowers of Norway maple, which is found in almost all forests of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus.

Cranberry honey produced by bees from the nectar of cranberry flowers. It has a beautiful color, delicate taste, very aromatic, less sweet than other types of honey (probably due to high acidity). In the USA it is in great demand.

Lavender honey belongs to the category of first-class. This golden-colored, transparent honey, which has a delicate aroma and pleasant taste, is produced by bees from the nectar of light blue or bluish-violet flowers of the perennial essential oil plant lavender. Lavender is cultivated on the southern coast of Crimea, the Kuban and the Caucasus. Lavender honey is first-class.

Linden honey It is collected everywhere and is considered one of the best among the population. Due to its exceptionally pleasant taste, it is highly valued. A pungent taste is characteristic of Central Russian honeys and, in particular, of Ufa “lipets”. Linden Far Eastern honey is very delicate and aromatic. Freshly extracted from a honey extractor, this honey is very fragrant, usually transparent, and faintly yellow or greenish in color. Ufa (Bashkir) linden honey, the so-called Lipets, is colorless, upon crystallization it becomes white, with a golden hue and a coarse-grained mass. Amur (Far Eastern) linden honey is cloudy-yellowish in color. All samples of linden honey have an excellent specific aroma and wonderful taste, despite the feeling of slight bitterness, which, however, quickly disappears. Honey crystallizes into a solid white mass and has a coarse-grained deposit. Crystals of calcium oxalate were found in linden honey. It is believed that the content of these crystals is characteristic only of linden honey. Their detection can serve as an additional sign of identifying the variety of linden honey. Bees produce linden honey from the nectar of linden flowers, which has high honey-bearing qualities. Linden honey has valuable nutritional and medicinal properties. Its antibacterial effect is manifested against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, as well as against ciliates, amoebas and trichomonas. It contains volatile, non-volatile and slightly volatile antimicrobial substances, has an expectorant, anti-inflammatory and. mild laxative effect. It is successfully used for diseases of the respiratory tract (sore throat, runny nose, laryngitis, bronchitis, bronchial asthma), as a means to strengthen the heart, for inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, for diseases of the kidneys and gall bladder. It has a good local effect on purulent wounds and burns. Sometimes linden honey has a light yellow or greenish-gray color, which occurs from the ingestion of honeydew honey. (Linden honeydew is common.) In folk medicine, linden honey is widely used for colds, mainly as a diaphoretic.

Burdock honey It has a sharp spicy odor, is dark olive in color, and is very viscous. To obtain this honey, bees collect nectar from small dark pink flowers of tomentose burdock and greater burdock. This nectar has a beautiful yellowish color, sometimes it can have a greenish tint, and has a strong, pleasant spicy aroma. Honey collected from the flowers of tomentose burdock (spider web) has an olive color, light, viscous, and easily rolls onto a spoon.

Meadow honey (Forbs) It has a golden yellow, sometimes yellow-brown color, a pleasant aroma, and good taste. Bees produce meadow honey from the nectar of various meadow flowers.

Alfalfa honey bees collect from lilac or purple flowers of alfalfa. Freshly pumped honey has various shades - from completely transparent to golden amber; quickly crystallizes, acquiring a white color, and its consistency resembles thick cream. The color depends on the water content: the lower the water content, the lighter the color of the honey. This honey has a pleasant aroma and specific taste. If honey is stored in a warm room, it can remain liquid for a year.

Raspberry honey It belongs to the light varieties of honey of the highest quality, has a pleasant aroma and good taste. Raspberry honeycomb has a delicate taste and seems to melt in your mouth. Bees make this honey from the nectar of forest and garden raspberry flowers. Due to the fact that the raspberry flower is tilted down, the bee, when extracting nectar, is as if under a natural canopy or umbrella and can work even during rain.

Melissa honey has a transparent color, pleasant aroma and taste. Bees prepare it from the nectar of light purple or pink lemon balm flowers with a strong smell. Bees love the smell of lemon balm.

carrot honey It has a dark yellow color and a strong aroma. Bees produce it from the nectar of the fragrant white flowers of the umbrella-shaped inflorescences of a cultivated biennial plant - carrots.

Mint honey bees produce from the nectar of the fragrant flowers of the perennial essential oil and spicy plant peppermint, which produces abundant amounts of high-quality honey. This honey has an amber color and a pleasant mint aroma. Peppermint honey is considered high quality in Western Europe. This honey contains a lot of vitamin C and has a choleretic, sedative, analgesic and antiseptic effect.

Dandelion honey It has a golden yellow color, very thick, viscous, quickly crystallizing, with a strong odor and a pungent taste. Bees obtain this honey from the nectar of a well-known and widespread weed - dandelion.

Thistle honey is white, aromatic, and tasty. This premium honey is produced by bees from nectar collected from the numerous golden yellow flowers of the weed thistle plant.

Sunflower honey It has a golden color, a faint aroma and a tart taste. Crystallizes quickly. When crystallized, it turns light amber, sometimes even with a greenish tint. This honey has valuable dietary and medicinal properties.

Motherwort honey- very heavy, light yellow in color, with a specific but mild taste. Bees collect nectar from the pale purple flowers of the honey plant, motherwort.

Rapeseed honey has a color from white to intense yellow, a weak aroma and a sugary taste, thick, crystallizes quickly. It dissolves poorly in water and quickly turns sour during long-term storage. Bees prepare it from the nectar of rapeseed flowers.

mignonette honey belongs to the high-grade category, has a pleasant aroma, and its taste can compete with linden. Bees produce this honey from the nectar of mignonette flowers, which is a good honey plant.

Rowan honey It has a red color, a strong aroma and good taste. During crystallization, a coarse-grained mass is formed. Bees make honey from the nectar of rowan flowers.

Rape honey It has a greenish-yellow color, has a weak aroma, but a pleasant taste. Not suitable for long-term storage. It is produced from the nectar of golden-yellow cress flowers.

Pumpkin honey It has a golden yellow color, a pleasant taste, and crystallizes quite quickly. Bees harvest it from large golden pumpkin flowers.

Tulip honey It has a reddish color, has a pleasant aroma and good taste. Bees collect this honey from a greenish-reddish ornamental tulip tree. This tree is a good honey plant, as it contains the largest amount of nectar compared to other honey-bearing subtropical plants.

Phacelia honey It has a light green or white color, has a delicate aroma and a pleasant delicate taste. Belongs to the best varieties. After crystallization it resembles dough. It is prepared from the nectar of phacelia flowers, which is considered a good honey plant.

Cotton honey- very light and only after crystallization it becomes white, has a unique aroma and delicate taste. Honey collected by bees from cotton leaves is no different in taste from honey collected from large cotton flowers.

Cherry honey In some regions of Ukraine and southern regions of Russia there are large areas of cherry trees, which are also honey-bearing. Bees produce cherry honey from the nectar of cherry flowers. It has a characteristic lemon-sweet taste, a white-yellow color, and a pleasant aroma. Well accepted by the body. Has antimicrobial properties.

Blueberry honey It has an exceptional aroma, pleasant taste and is reddish in color. Produced by bees from the nectar of blueberry flowers.

Sage honey It has a light amber or dark golden color, has a delicate pleasant aroma and good taste. It is produced from the flowers of Salvia apothecary.

Eucalyptus honey- unpleasant taste, but highly valued as it is used in folk medicine to treat pulmonary tuberculosis. Bees produce this honey from the nectar of large single flowers with numerous stamens of the evergreen tree Eucalyptus rotundus, cultivated mainly in the subtropics.

sainfoin honey belongs to valuable varieties. It is light amber in color, transparent as crystal, and has a pleasant subtle aroma and taste. Slowly crystallizes into very small crystals. When settled, it is a white solid mass with a creamy tint, resembling lard in appearance. It is prepared by bees from the nectar of the sainfoin plant, or vicofolia, which grows wild. In addition to nectar, bees take brown-yellow pollen from sainfoin. According to available data, during the flowering period of sainfoin, its pollen is dominant in any bee pollen.

Apple honey It has a light yellow color, a very delicate aroma and taste, and crystallizes quickly. Prepared from the nectar of apple flowers.

Honey is a beekeeping product rich in glucides (glucose, ozana, glucosides). It contains: water, levulose, mineral salts, maltose, sucrose, glucose. Any honey is an energy food product. The therapeutic value of this product is explained by the effect of the antibiotic from the bee body, the nature of the sugars and the presence of pollen with royal jelly. But honey is different. Therefore, today we will talk about the types, varieties of honey and its medicinal properties.

Honey classification

Types of honey. There are three types of honey: mixed, flower, honeydew.
Flower honey is classified according to its composition: monofloral and polyfloral.

Monofloral flower honey is processed by bees from the nectar of flowers of one plant variety (white acacia, sunflower, linden, buckwheat). Absolutely monofloral honey varieties are rarely found. Polyfloral is made from flower nectar collected by honey bees from various plants. Polyfloral varieties: meadow, forest, mountain, fruit, steppe.

Honeydew honey is produced by bees in dry summers from the excrement of insects (bugs, psyllids, aphids), i.e. not from nectar, but can also be obtained from the nectar of sugary plant substances (honeydews). In the first case, honeydew honey is obtained from animal origin, in the second - from plant origin. Honeydew was known about in ancient times; it was valued on a par with honey. Modern chemical analysis has shown that honeydew contains more minerals than honey. But its bactericidal properties are low.

The varieties differ in taste, aroma, composition, and color. But most importantly, each type of honey has certain medicinal and beneficial properties. Light honey is easier to digest, making it more suitable for nutrition and treatment of children. Dark varieties have high medicinal qualities, which have a strong effect due to the large amount of mineral salts. These varieties are suitable for the treatment of many chronic diseases due to the content of copper, manganese, and iron.

Honey varieties, properties

Meadow honey

The color of meadow honey is light yellow, sometimes yellow-brown. It is also called “forbs”, “prefabricated”. This variety is made by bees from the nectar of meadow plants, and therefore it is classified as polyfloral. Honey has the aroma of meadow herbs and a pleasant taste.
Main medicinal properties
. Calms the nervous system.
. Helps with indigestion caused by nervous overexcitation.
. Effective for headaches, palpitations, insomnia.

Acacia honey

This variety has a transparent, almost colorless color. It becomes white, like milk, during the process of crystallization, and the consistency resembles cottage cheese with grains.

Medicinal properties of the variety
. It has a general strengthening effect, increases the body's resistance, and reduces the side effects of drug therapy.
. Has a calming effect on neurasthenia and insomnia; causes sound sleep. Acacia honey is a harmless sleeping pill.
. Regulates intestinal function, eliminates constipation, is an antispasmodic for flatulence, intestinal spasms and an antiseptic for diarrhea.
. Useful for diseases of the genitourinary system. Honey water solution treats urinary incontinence.

Buckwheat honey

The color varies from brown-green to dark brown, with a possible reddish tint. It differs from other varieties in its characteristic and easily memorable aroma, as well as a pronounced taste. At the moment of crystallization it resembles a mushy mass. Buckwheat honey is superior to acacia honey in enzyme activity, the amount of amino acids, iron, and vitamins.

Medicinal properties of buckwheat honey
. Strengthens the heart muscle.
. Helps with cholelithiasis, a tendency to stone formation, renal failure, colic, and liver diseases.
. Replenishes the deficiency of iron and folic acid in anemia, chronic blood loss, vomiting, diarrhea, monotonous and irregular nutrition, and dieting.

Linden honey

The color of linden honey is white, sometimes completely transparent, or light amber, less often greenish or yellowish. It has a strong and delicate aroma of linden flowers and a recognizable specific taste. Within 2 months it crystallizes, turning into a dough-like mass with large or small grains. Linden honey is one of the best honey varieties.

Medicinal properties
. It has a healing effect when treating burns and purulent wounds.
. Has bactericidal properties.
. Used in the treatment of laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, asthma.
. Helps with weakened heart muscle.
. They treat gynecological disorders, kidney diseases, and renal failure.
. Effective for liver diseases.

Sunflower honey

The color of honey is rich golden, the aroma is sweet, the taste is sharp. Crystallization quickly occurs, during which large amber crystals appear, sometimes with a greenish tint.

Medicinal properties
. Superior to other honey varieties in terms of vitamin A content.
. Bactericidal properties are clearly expressed.
. Helps with first and second degree burns, has wound healing properties.

Barberry honey

The color is golden yellow, the taste is delicate. It is produced by bees from the flowers of the berry bush barberry.

Medicinal properties of barberry honey
. Valuable hemostatic agent.
. Stimulates appetite, helps in the secretion of gastric juice.
. A good anti-scorbutic and vitamin remedy.
. It has antipyretic, choleretic, diaphoretic effects, as well as hemostatic and blood clotting properties.
. It is a uterine remedy that causes contraction of the uterine muscles. Pregnant women should not take!
. Treats sore joints, ligaments, menisci. Used for gout.

Budyakov honey

Colorless, greenish or light amber. Fine-grained when crystallized. Budyakov honey is collected from the pink flowers of a weed that has spiny stems and gray-green leaves - budyakov, or thistle.

Medicinal properties
. Helps with colds, affected mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, and fever.
. Prevents the occurrence of seizures caused by increased temperature, acts as an antipyretic.

Cornflower honey

The color is greenish-yellow, the aroma of honey resembles the smell of almonds, the taste is peculiar, bitter. Cornflower honey is processed by bees from blue cornflower (field cornflower) - a wonderful honey plant.

Medicinal properties of cornflower honey
. Used for inflammation of the urethra. Has a choleretic, diuretic effect.
. Antipyretic, diaphoretic, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory agent.

Heather honey

The color is dark yellow or red-brown, the aroma is weak, the taste is tart and bitter. This variety is very viscous and crystallizes slowly. Bees make heather honey from the nectar of small pink flowers of common heather - a branched evergreen shrub.

Medicinal properties
. Used for gout, it is good for treating joints.
. Replenishes vitamin deficiencies, helps get rid of dystrophy, impaired absorption of vitamins, and loss of vision. Useful during pregnancy.
. Relieves angina attacks.

Mustard honey

Usually golden in color, at the time of crystallization it becomes yellowish-cream. Mustard honey is collected from large yellow flowers of white mustard.

Medicinal properties of the variety
. Natural pain reliever: reduces muscle pain, involuntary muscle contractions; relieves joint pain and muscle spasms.
. Mustard honey is useful for indigestion and bloating.
. Honey from mustard is used for colds; it has a warming effect.
. It is also effective for female inflammatory diseases and cervical erosion.

Sweet clover honey

The color is light amber or white. Sweet clover honey is first-class. It has a very subtle aroma reminiscent of vanilla. This variety is collected by bees from the bright yellow flowers of sweet clover.

Medicinal properties
. Female and male inflammatory diseases, functional disorders of the genital organs, sexual neurasthenia, mastopathy are successfully treated with its help.
. Sweet clover honey helps with sprained ligaments and tendons.
. Has a therapeutic effect on inflammation of the respiratory tract.
. An aqueous solution of sweet clover honey will relieve restless sleep.

Blackberry honey

It has no color, like water is transparent. This variety is very tasty. Produced by bees from the flowers of the blackberry bush.

Medicinal properties of blackberry honey
. Has a general strengthening effect.
. Useful for diseases of the stomach, liver, kidneys, bladder, colitis.
. Used for diabetes.
. Has a disinfectant, disinfectant, anti-inflammatory effect.
. It is a cleansing agent for dropsy, liver diseases, jaundice, and skin diseases.

Snakehead honey

Light, transparent, pleasant taste. Honey bees produce snakehead honey from the purple flowers of the essential oil-bearing annual plant snakehead (queenhead), which grows wild in large quantities in the Crimea. Snakehead is a valuable honey plant containing high-sugar nectar with a lemon scent.

Medicinal properties
. Used for paralysis, injuries, nervous disorders, and consequences of stroke.
. Cures various infectious diseases, the consequences of polio.

Willow honey

The color is golden yellow; during crystallization, small grains with a creamy tint are formed. Bees produce this variety from the flowers of tree and shrub species (about 100 species of willow).

Medicinal properties of this variety
. A remedy for treating febrile conditions and neuralgia.
. An astringent for diarrhea.
. The medicinal properties of willow honey include its choleretic, hemostatic, and anti-inflammatory effects.

clover honey

Transparent, colorless. One of the best honey varieties. Crystallizing, it turns into a white solid mass.

Medicinal properties
. It is recommended to use clover honey for rheumatism, lung diseases, anemia, gout, and atherosclerosis.
. The anticancer effect of clover honey has been revealed.
. Relieves coughing attacks and whooping cough symptoms.

Lavender honey

Golden color, delicate aroma. Lavender honey is classified as first-class. It is collected by bees from the light blue or bluish-violet flowers of the essential oil perennial lavender plant.

Medicinal properties
. Relieves headaches, symptoms of insomnia, nervous tension.
. It has an analgesic, antiseptic and calming effect at the same time.
. Treats skin diseases, prevents the penetration of bacteria.
. Regulates organ functions.
. It is used for amenorrhea, hormonal disorders, and restores the menstrual cycle.

Burdock honey

The color is dark olive, the smell is sharp, spicy, very viscous. Produced from small dark pink flowers of hairy burdock.

Medicinal properties
. It has a choleretic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and wound-healing effect.
. Stimulates mineral metabolism.
. Improves the insulin-forming function of the pancreas.
. Used for gastritis, mild diabetes, constipation, rheumatism.

Alfalfa honey

Various shades - from amber to colorless. It quickly crystallizes to the consistency of thick cream and turns white. It has a specific taste and pleasant aroma. Bees collect alfalfa honey from the purple flowers of alfalfa.

Medicinal properties
. Helps cleanse the colon of toxins and has an anti-inflammatory effect.
. Helps with respiratory system disorders, bronchial and asthmatic conditions.
. Effective for arterial diseases and most heart diseases.
. Useful for menopause.
. Increases the body's resistance.

Raspberry honey

Light, has a pleasant aroma, the taste is very delicate. Bees collect raspberry honey from garden and forest raspberry flowers.

Medicinal properties of the variety
. Useful for anemia, atherosclerosis, kidney diseases, stomach diseases, hypertension.
. Raspberry honey phytoncides are destructive to staphylococcus, bacteria and viruses.
. Has an antipyretic effect.

So we talked about the types and properties of honey. Medicine, and especially traditional medicine, actively uses its pharmacological and biological features. However, honey as a medicine and vitamin product is recommended for people of all ages. So eat it for your health!

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